Phenolic compounds liquid chromatography/mass

Im HW, Suh BS, Lee SU, Kozukue N, Ohnisi-Kameyama M, Levin CE and Friedman M. 2008. Analysis of phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in potato plant flowers, leaves, stems, and tubers and in home-processed potatoes. J Agric Food Chem 56(9) 3341-3349. 

S. Perez-Magarino, I. Revilla, M.L. Gonzalez-SanJose and S.Beltran, Various applications of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to the analysis of phenolic compounds. J. Chromatogr.A, 847 (1999)75-81. 

XAD-7 resin as the column material. Additionally, procyanidins have been separated from sugars and other interfering phenolic compounds by SPE using Sephadex LH-20 as the sorbent (Prior et ah, 2001). SPE has also been used to isolate phytoestrogens - including isoflavones, coumestans, and lignins from foods prior to further separation by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (Kuhnle et al, 2007). 

Hu R. Lu Y. Dai X. Pan Y. 2010. Screening of antioxidant phenolic compounds in Chinese Rhubarb eombining fast counter-eurrent chromatography fractionation and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. J. Sep. Sei. 33 1595-1603. 

Vanhoenacker, G., De Villiers, A., Lazou, K., De Keukeleire, D., Sandra, P. (2001). Comparison of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy and Capillary Electrophoresis - Mass Spectroscopy for the analysis of phenolic compounds in diethyl ether extracts of red wines. Chromatographia, 54, 309-315. 

Identification and quantification of low molecular weight and volatile phenols is usually performed by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). For analysis and structural characterization of more polar compounds such as polyphenols, liquid-phase and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and Multiple Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS and MSn) techniques are used (Niessen and Tinke, 1995 de Hoffmann, 1996 Abian, 1999 Flamini et al., 2007). 

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques are nowadays the best analytical approach to study polyphenols from different biological resources, and are the most effective tool in the study of the structure of phenolic compounds. 

When two compounds with very close, or even superimposable, retention times and identical UV spectra are found in a chromatogram, more sophisticated detectors that can yield much more structural information are required. Liquid chromatography-diode array detection (LC-DAD) is still the main technique used for phenolics quantification, a parameter not usually determined by other techniques, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), given its poor sensibility. 

Paganga, G. et al.. The polyphenolic content of fruit and vegetables and their antioxidant activities what does a serving constitute Free Radical Res., 30, 153, 1999. Maatta, K.R. et al.. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of phenolic compounds in berries with diode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (MS) detection Rihes species, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 6736, 2003. 

Hvattum, E., Determination of phenolic compounds in rose hip (Rosa canina) using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry and diode-array detection, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 16, 655, 2002. 

Kohler M, NV Heeb (2003) Determination of nitrated phenolic compounds in rain by liquid chromatography/ atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 75 3115-3121. 

Y.Y. Soong and P.J. Barlow, Isolation and structure elucidation of phenolic compounds from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) seed by high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1085, 270 277 (2005). 

Over the past two decades, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and related techniques have rapidly developed for the separation of a wide range of analytes, ranging from large protein molecules to small inorganic ions. Gas chromatography has been considered as a powerful tool due to its sensitivity and selectivity, especially when coupled with mass spectrometry. Nevertheless, liquid chromatography is the most used method to separate and analyze phenolic compounds in plant and tissue samples. 

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques are widely used for separation of phenolic compounds. Both reverse- and normal-phase HPLC methods have been used to separate and quantify PAs but have enjoyed only limited success. In reverse-phase HPLC, PAs smaller than trimers are well separated, while higher oligomers and polymers are co-eluted as a broad unresolved peak [8,13,37]. For our reverse-phase analyses, HPLC separation was achieved using a reverse phase. Cl8, 5 (Jtm 4.6 X 250 mm column (J. T. Baker, http //www.mallbaker.com/). Samples were eluted with a water/acetonitrile gradient, 95 5 to 30 70 in 65 min, at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The water was adjusted with acetic acid to a final concentration of 0.1%. All mass spectra were acquired using a Bruker Esquire LC-MS equipped with an electrospray ionization source in the positive mode. 

PfO Eight phenolic compounds. .. were... obtained by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry analyses. (Adapted from Ey et ah, 2006)... 

Liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection of phenolic compounds from Olea europaea. J Chromatogr A 1999 OE065... 

In contrast, both gas and liquid chromatography enable the samples of interest to be separated into individual components prior to introduction into the mass spectrometer ion source. Gas chromatography involves sample introduction with the requisite that the sample components must be volatilized prior to separation, and results in a gas sample being introduced to the mass spectrometer (i.e. El, Cl). Figure 5-2 shows the chromatogram obtained after a mixture of three simple phenolic compounds - phenol,... 

All classes of organic compounds each compound identified by its mass spectrum Mass spectrometer Gas chromatography VOCs (EPA 8260) and SVOCs (EPA 8270) dioxins/furans (EPA 8280, EPA 8290) CLP SOW for organic analysis Liquid chromatography solvent-extratable nonvolatile compounds (EPA 8321, EPA 8325) Interferences from Oily matrices Trace level laboratory artifacts Interferences from Organic acids Phenols Trace level laboratory artifacts... 

Yang, M. Wang, W. Sun, J. Zhao, Y. Liu, Y. Liang, H. Guo, D.A. 2007. Characterization of phenolic compounds in the crude extract of Hedysarum multi-jugum hy high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 21 3833-3841. 

Mertz, C. Cheynier, V. Brat, P. 2007. Analysis of phenolic compounds in two blackberry species (Rubus glaucus and Rubus adenotrichus) by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55 8616-8624. 

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