Phenolic acids chromatography

Males et al. [103] used aqueous mobile phase with formic acid for the separation of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the extract of Sambuci flos. In a cited paper, authors listed ten mobile phases with addition of acids used by other investigators for chromatography of polyphenolic material. For micropreparative separation and isolation of antraquinone derivatives (aloine and aloeemodine) from the hardened sap of aloe (Liliaceae family), Wawrzynowicz et al. used 0.5-mm silica precoated plates and isopropanol-methanol-acetic acid as the mobile phase [104]. The addition of small amounts of acid to the mobile phase suppressed the dissociation of acidic groups (phenolic, carboxylic) and thus prevented band diffusions. 

Kafil, J. B. and Last, T. A., Liquid chromatography with voltammetric detection for quantitation of phenolic acids,. Chromatogr., 348, 397, 1985. 

HPLC) for phenolic acids analysis. When procedure (ii) was applied, the ion-exchange resin was separated from the methanol phase and eluted with three 40 ml aliquots of 80% methanol. The resin bead eluates were evaporated to dryness and subjected to spectrophotometry (Shimadzu UV 160 spectrophotometer) for total phenolics and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for phenolic acids analysis. 

Z. Males and M. Medic-Saric, Investigation of the flavonoids and phenolic acids by thin layer chromatography. J.Plan. Chromatogr.—Mod. TLC 12 (1999) 345-349. 

Many nonvolatile and thermally labile allelochemicals can be well separated by liquid chromatography (LC). Identification of the separated components on-line by mass spectrometry (MS) is of great value. Fused-silica LC columns of 0.22 mm ID packed with small-particle material are used in the described LC/MS system. The shape of the column end allows direct connection to a electron impact ion source of a magnetic sector mass spectrometer. Separations by LC are reported and LC/MS mass spectra are shown for monoterpenes, diterpene acids, phenolic acids and cardiac glycosides. The LC/MS system provides identification capability and high-efficiency chromatography with a universal detector. 

Fiamegos, Y.C. et al.. Analytical procedure for the in-vial derivatization-extraction of phenolic acids and flavonoids in methanolic and aqueous plant extracts followed by gas chromatography with mass-selective detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 1041, 11, 2004. 

Schieber, A., Keller, P., and Carle, R., Determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids of apple and pear by high-performance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 910, 265, 2001. 

Wulf, L.W. and Nagel, C.W., Analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids by high-pressure liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 116, 271, 1976. 

Lunte, C.E., Wheeler, J.F., and Heineman, W.R., Determination of selected phenolic acids in beer extract by liquid chromatography with voltametric-amperometric detection. Analyst 113,95,1988. 

Torres, A.M., Mau-Lastovicka, T., and Rezaaiyan, R. 1987. Total phenolics and high-performance liquid chromatography of phenolic acids of avocado. J. Agric. Food Chem. 35 921-925. 

Reversed-phase chromatography is the most popular mode of analytical liquid chromatography for phenolic compounds. In most cases, the reported systems for the separation of phenolics and their glycosides in foods are carried out on reversed-phase chromatography on silica-based Cl8 bonded-phase columns. Occasionally, silica columns bonded with C8 were applied in the analysis of phenolic acid standards and coumarins (7), and C6 columns for the analysis of ferulic acid in wheat straw (8). 

Yu J, Vasanthan T, Temelli F. 2001. Analysis of phenolic acids in barley by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Agric Food Chem 49 4352-4358. 

Medic-Saric M, Jasprica I, Smolcic-Bubalo A and Momar A, Optimization of chromatographic conditions in thin layer chromatography of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Croatica ChemicaActa 77 361-366 (2004). 

Wu, H., Haig, T., Pratley, J., Lemerle, D., and An, M. 1999. Simultaneous determination of phenolic acids and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 864, 315-321... 

Glowniak, K., Zgorka, G., and Kozyra, M. 1996. Solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of free phenolic acids in some Echinacea species. J. Chromatogr. A 730, 25-29. 

Pomponio, R., Gotti, R., Hudaib, M., and Cavrini, V. 2002. Analysis of phenolic acids by micellar electrokinetic chromatography application of Echinacea purpurea plant extracts. J. Chromatogr. A 945, 239-247. 

Variyar, P.S. and Bandyopadhyay, C. (1 995) Estimation of phenolic acids in cinnamon, clove, cardamom, nutmeg and mace by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops 4(2), 129-134. 

FIGURE 5-19. Separation of phenolic acids using the ion suppression technique. Mobile phase 5% acetic acid in water. (Chromatogram reprinted from L. W. Wulf and C. W. Nagel, J. Chromatography, 116, 271 (1976) with permission.)... 

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