Phencyclidine derivatives

Cone, E.J. McQuinn, R.L. and Shannon, H.E. Structure-activity relationship study of phencyclidine derivatives in rats. J. Pharmacol Fxp Ther 228 147-153, 1984. 

Contreras, P. Rafferty, M. Jacobson, A. Rice, K. Quirion, R. and O Donohue, T. Agonist and antagonist actions of phencyclidine derivatives on PCP receptors and behavior. Soc Neurosci Abst. 10 1205, 1984. 

Kalir, A. Maayani, S. Rehavi, M. Elkavetz, R. Pri-Bar, I. Buchman, 0. and Sokolovsky, M. Structure activity relationship of some phencyclidine derivatives In vivo studies in mice. 

Kallr, A. Structure activity relationships of phencyclidine derivatives. In Domino, E.F., ed., PCP (Phencyclidine) Historical and Current Perspectives. Ann Arbor, MI. NPP Books. 1981. p. 31-46. 

Gacyclidine] (piperidine) Synthetic Phencyclidine derivative NMDA-Glu-R antagonist [CNS protectant for treating organophosphorous poisoning]... 

Carpentier, P., Foquin-Tarricone, A., Bodjarian, N., Rondouin, G., Lemer-Natoli, M., Kamenka, J-M., Blanchet, G., Denoyer, M., Lallement, G. (1994). Anticonvulsant and antilethal effects of the phencyclidine derivate TCP in soman poisoning. Neurotoxicology 15 837-52. 

Carpentier P, Foquin-Tarricone A, Bodjarian N et al. (1994). Anticonvulsant and antilethal effects of the phencyclidine derivative TCP in soman poisoning. Neurotoxicology, 15, 837-852. 

Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative and as such has abuse potential. Phencyclidine was developed in the 1950s as an anaesthetic, but its use was abandoned because it caused hallucinations and delirium. It became popular as PCP (phenylcyclohexylpiperidine), a drug of abuse, in the 1970s. 

The dose rates associated with the phencyclidine derivatives require the sensitive methods of determination which immunology and chromatography provide. The immunological reagents marketed for the determination of phencyclidine can determine phencyclidine (PCP) itself with the highest sensitivity, followed by the thienyl derivatives and the N-alkylamines. Some important cut-off values of immunological tests are listed in Table 8-18. 

Table 8-18, Cut-off values of some phencyclidine derivatives in urine...

Psychotomimetic Drugs. Figure 2 Chemical structures of the dissociative anesthetics phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine. Both are arylcycloalkylamine derivatives that are open channel blockers of the NMDA channel. 

Phencyclidine (1 -[1-phenylcyclohexyl]pi peridine HC1 PCP) and its active derivatives produce unique behavioral effects in animals and psychotomimetic effects in humans. Drugs of this class have been demonstrated to bind saturably, reversibly, and with high affinity to specific binding sites in brain (Hampton et al. 1982 Quirion et al. 1981 Sircar and Zukin 1983 Vincent et al. 1979 Zukin and Zukin 1979). These sites have been shown to exhibit a characteristic heterogeneous regional distribution pattern (Quirion et al. 1981 Sircar et al., submitted for publication Zukin and Zukin 1979) distinct from that of any other receptor type. 

Itzhak, Y. Kalir, A. Weissman, B.A. and Cohen, S. Receptor binding and antinociceptive properties of phencyclidine opiatelike derivatives. jjj J. Pharmacol 72 305-311, 1981. 

Paul, S. and Skolnick, P. Differential electrophysiologica1 and behavioral responses to optically active derivatives of phencyclidine. Naunvn Schmiedeberas Arch Pharmacol 74 107-108, 1981. 

Six-membered azaheterocycles (i.e.,piperidino derivatives) show a metabolic pattern similar to that of pyrrolidine compounds. Thus, the antiemetic drug diphenidol (5.97, Fig. 5.26) and DN-9893 (5.73) are both metabolized to their co-amino acid and lactam derivatives [177]. In contrast, no lactam metabolite was detected for phencyclidine (5.98, Fig. 5.26), a potent analgesic also widely abused [190]. One may assume that, like for piromidic acid (5.91, Fig. 5.24), steric hindrance at the N-atom is unfavorable for the formation of lactam metabolites. 

Drugs acting on GABA/glutamate - hypnotics/anxiolytics barbiturates, benzodiazepines, chlormethiazole, chloral derivatives, baclofen - anticonvulsants phenobarbitone, primidone, phe-nytoin, sodium, valproate, carbamazepine - alcohol, phencyclidine, ketamine... 

Phencyclidine (PCP) is a synthetic chemical that can be derived from an essential oil of the sassafras tree and is the best-known representative of the class of drugs collectively known as arylcyclohexylamines. As a chemical, PCP was first synthesized in 1926 and was briefly used in the 1950s as a dissociative anaesthetic. The chemicals needed to manufacture PCP are also readily available and inexpensive, and the production process requires little formal chemical knowledge or laboratory equipment. 

Subsequently, Purdie and coworkers studied the CD induced in phencyclidine (and its pyrrolidine and morpholine analogues), 6-phenethylamine, phenobarbital, meperidine HC1, diazepam, and dilantin by 6-cyclodextrin [59], In this work, a method was described for the assay of meperidine in commercially available Demerol tablets. The complexation between 6-cyclodextrin and eight 5,5-disubstituted derivatives of barbituric acid was characterized on the basis of the... 

Another injectable anesthetic widely used in feline and primate practice is ketamine hydrochloride [1867-66-9]. Ketamine, a derivative of phencyclidine, can be chemically classified as a cydohexamine and pharmacologically as a dissociative agent. Analgesia is produced along with a state that resembles anesthesia but in humans has been associated with hallucinations and confusion. For these reasons, ketamine is often combined with a tranquilizer. The product is safe when used in accordance with label directions, but the recovery period may be as long as 12—24 h. 

Toth E, Weiss B, Banay-Schwartz M, Lajtha A. 1986. Effect of glycine derivatives on behavioral changes induced by 3-mercaptopropionic acid or phencyclidine in mice. Res Comm Psychol Psychiat Behav 11 1-9. 

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