Heterogeneous characteristics

The characteristic derivative-shaped feature at g 1.94 first observed in mitochondrial membranes has long been considered as the sole EPR fingerprint of iron-sulfur centers. The EPR spectrum exhibited by [4Fe-4S] centers generally reflects a ground state with S = I and is characterized by g values and a spectral shape similar to those displayed by [2Fe-2S] centers (Fig. 6c). Proteins containing [4Fe-4S] centers, which are sometimes called HIPIP, essentially act as electron carriers in the photoinduced cyclic electron transfer of purple bacteria (106), although they have also been discovered in nonphotosynthetic bacteria (107). Their EPR spectrum exhibits an axial shape that varies little from one protein to another with g// 2.11-2.14 and gi 2.03-2.04 (106-108), plus extra features indicative of some heterogeneous characteristics (Pig. 6d). 

Role of chemical cycles on climate, greenhouse gases, clouds Heterogeneous Characteristics of Environmental Materials (e.g., solids) (7)... 

Measurement of aqueous particle size distributions presents a number of challenges to the analyst because of the heterogeneous characteristics of particulates. Shape, density, refractive index, and other physical properties are usually nonuniform throughout the six- to seven-decade... 

Hypothesis 3 The companies within the same industry category will have homogeneity characteristics and heterogeneity characteristics in comparison with the other industries. 

First, the typical characteristics of inspection problems which result in heterogeneous data are presented. Next, typical AI techniques which can be used for the automated data interpretation are presented. The applicabihty of the techniques to various inspection problems is discussed. Two example apphcations for automatic NDT data interpretation are briefly described, and finally, the conclusions are given. 

To determine the influence degree on both types of structure and volume of structural heterogeneity on the frequency spectrum characteristics of an ultrasonic pulse, research work using angle beam and straight beam probes was performed... 

The problem of material type determination was decided on the base of data obtained, that is the value of deviation dispersion characteristics from analogous ultrasonic field characteristics in the model heterogeneous flawless medium with given type of structure. 

The scheme of dispersion effects displayed in engineering materials of different structures was considered and an analysis of the causes of their occurrence was performed in our work. The spectrum of structural noise is considered as an element of unified spectral characteristics, reflected interaction of the ultrasonic field with given parameters and heterogeneous medium... 

Characteristics of the system as nitrating reagents Wibaut, who introduced the competitive method for determining reactivities (his experiments with toluene, benzene and chlorobenzene were performed under heterogeneous conditions and were not successful), pointed out that solutions of nitric acid in acetic anhydride are useful in making comparisons of reactivities because aromatic compounds are soluble in them. ... 

The ohmic drop across the electrolyte and the separator can also be calculated from Ohm s law usiag a modified expression for the resistance. When gas bubbles evolve at the electrodes they get dispersed ia and impart a heterogeneous character to the electrolyte. The resulting conductivity characteristics of the medium are different from those of a pure electrolyte. Although there is no exact description of this system, some approximate treatments are available, notably the treatment of Rousar (9), according to which the resistance of the gas—electrolyte mixture, R, is related to the resistance of the pure electrolyte, R ... 

Thermal Conductivity. More information is available relating thermal conductivity to stmctural variables of cellular polymers than for any other property. Several papers have discussed the relation of the thermal conductivity of heterogeneous materials in general (187,188) and of plastic foams in particular (132,143,151,189—191) with the characteristic stmctural variables of the systems. 

Heterogeneous polymerization is characteristic of a number of monomers, including vinyl chloride and acrylonitrile. A completely satisfactory mechanism for these reactions has not been deterrnined. This is tme for VDC also. Earlier studies have not been broad enough to elucidate the mechanism (26,30,31). Morphologies of as-polymerized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) are similar, suggesting a similar mechanism. 

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