Phase coupling

Fig. 9. High power array of phase coupled GaAs/AlGaAs lasers mounted -side down on a thermal heat sink. The tt/2 shift of the neighboring lasers is indicated by the + and — signs. The output pattern consists of two dominant peaks, each associated with the lasers of the same phase, and much weaker...

Figure 23.9(b) Typical layout of a line coupling device and carrier equipment (PLCC) showing phase-to-phase coupling... 

Different transfer techniques and type of interfaces have been developed. Most of the applications involve normal-phase HPLC conditions, although reversed-phase coupled with capillary GC has also been reported. 

F W. Wainer and R. M. Stifhn, Direct resolution of the stereoisomers of leucovorin and 5-methylteti ahydrofolate using a bovine serum albumin liigh-performance liquid cliromatographic chiral stationary phase coupled to an acliiral phenyl column , 7. Chromatogr. 424 158-162 (1988). 

Data for the bulk fluid, line A, indicate that vz varies as a function of z but maintains a value near 0.75 of maximum velocity. The periodicity of vx and vy is clearly evident in the graph of line A and a 1800 out of phase coupling of the components is seen with one positive when the other is negative. This indicates a preferred orientation to the plane of the oscillatory flow and this feature was seen in all the biofilms grown throughout this study. The secondary flow components are 0.1-0.2 of the maximum axial velocity and are spatially oscillatory. The significant non-axial velocities indicate non-axial mass transport has gone from diffusion dominated, Pe = 0, in the clean capillary, to advection dominated, Pe 2 x 103, due to the impact of the biofilm. For comparison, the axial Peclet number is Pe L 2x 10s. Line B intersects areas covered by biomass and areas of only bulk... 

Vandecasteele, K., Gaus, I., Debreuck, W., and Walraevens, K., Identification and Quantification of 77 Pesticides in Groundwater Using Solid Phase Coupled to Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography, Anal. Chem. 72, 3093, 2000. 

Typically, a chemical sensor consists of a chemical recognition phase coupled with a transduction element (Figure 1). 

Hornsey, V.S., Pnowse, C.V., and Pepper, D.S. (1986) Reductive amination for solid-phase coupling of protein. A practical alternative to cyanogen bromide./. Immunol. Meth. 93, 83-88. 

For example, many microwave-assisted solid-phase coupling reactions utilize l-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) as the reaction solvent. The main reason for this is the high thermal stabilities of these solvents and their... 

There are two main factors that influence the selectivity of a sensor limits in discrimination of an interfering ion and upper limits in stability constant of an analyte-ionophore complex. While an ideal ionophore does not form complexes with interfering ions, too strong complexation with the primary ion leads to a massive extraction of analyte into membrane phase coupled with a coextraction of sample counter-ions, known as Donnan exclusion failure. In such cases, at high activities and lipophilicities of sample electrolytes, fli(org) increases and a breakdown of membrane permselectivity prevents the Nemst equation to hold. 

Continuous laser melt quenching of hypoeutectic Ag-Cu alloys has been performed and discussed by Copley et al. (1995) nano-phase coupled growth structures (with spacing of 10 nm) have been observed in banded nano-structures. 

Figure 6.13 shows a voltammogram for a simple solution-phase couple such a plot is known as a cyclic voltammogram (CV). The adjective cyclic arises from the closed loop drawn within the plot. The shape of the CV shown in Figure 6.13 is typical for a couple that is wholly reversible in the thermodynamic sense other simple diagnostic tests for electro-reversibility are listed in Table 6.3. 

In the presence of a fluid phase, coupled dissolution - reprecipitation is known to be a much more effective process than diffusion. This has been first demonstrated experimentally by O Neil and Taylor (1967) and later re-emphasized by Cole (2000) and Fiebig and Hoefs (2002). 

The ultrafast laser pulse excites many vibrational modes of the metal carbonyl simultaneously (i.e., the vibrational modes are phase-coupled). Are the subsequent ligand motions coherent or do ultrafast dephasing processes hinder coherent motions ... 

The Mitsunobu phosphonate coupling has been adapted to the solid-phase synthesis of peptidyl phosphonates as well.1 2 In this environment, with excess phosphonate, even the more hindered, p-branched esters are formed efficiently. A series of phosphonate tripeptides have been synthesized and used to identify novel thermolysin inhibitors from a small library. (A number of other solid-phase syntheses of phosphonamidate-, 831 phosphonate-, 79 84 and phosphinate-peptides185,86 have been described however, in these instances the phosphorus bond forming steps were performed in solution, prior to solid-phase coupling.)... 

A better, higher yielding approach for the preparation of templates attached to different peptides employs a combination of solid-phase and solution-phase couplings (Scheme ll).121 A peptide chain is synthesized on a low-loading benzhydrylamine resin and reacted with a bifunctional electrophile such as the bis(pentafluorophenyl) ester 4 (R1 = Pfp) (low resin... 

The ability to drive these solid-phase couplings to completion with multiple additions of excess reagents clearly demonstrates the utility of this method. 

Stadler, A. and Kappe, C.O., Solid phase coupling of benzoic acid to Wang resin a comparison of thermal versus microwave heating. In Proceedings ofECSOC-3, Sept. 1-30, 1999. Also in Proceedings of ECSOC-4, Sept. 1-30, 2000, pp. 1234-1239. 

The authors propose the following mechanisms to account for these observed features of solid propint combstn chemistry a) catalysis by Pb compus takes place mainly in or on the burning surface and/or in the fizz zone b) NO reduction takes place mainly in the secondary flame zone c) the catalytic effect of Pb compds is accounted for by increased heat output of the solid (or surface) phase coupled with the in-... 

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