Pharmaceuticals creams/ointments/pastes

To be semisolid, a system must have a three-dimensional structure that is sufficient to impart solidlike character to the undistributed system that is easily broken down and realigned under an applied force. The semisolid systems used pharmaceutically include ointments and solidified w/o emulsion variants thereof, pastes, o/w creams with solidified internal phases, o/w creams with fluid internal phases, gels, and rigid foams. The natures of the underlying structures differ remarkably across all these systems, but all share the property that their structures are easily broken down, rearranged, and reformed. Only to the extent that one understands the structural sources of these systems does one understand them at all. 

Chem. Desaip. Magnesium aluminum silicate CAS 12199-37-0 EINECS/ELINCS 235-374-6 Uses Thickener, vise, modifier, emulsion stabilizer for emulsions, suspensions, sol ns., liqs., creams, and pastes, cosmetics, toiletries, toothpaste, pharmaceuticals, paints, textile finishes, chemical specialties, industrial applies. in tablets for dry blending of fine powd. prep, of ointments and pastes where dry incorporation is essential Features Microfine grade no ozone-depleting substances Properties Wh. microfine powd., odorless, tasteless insol. in water or alcohol swells to many times original vol. in water to form colloidal disp. vise. 187-312 cps (5.5% disp.) pH 9.5 (5% aq disp.) < 8% moisture Veegum HS [R.T. Vanderbilt]... 

Uses Surfactant, emulsifier for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, creams, lotions, ointments, liniments, hand cleaning pastes, detergents, cleansing agents... 

Uses 0/w emulsifier for cosmetics and pharmaceutical creams, lotions and ointments, industrial applies., wetting agent, solubilizer for perfumes or aq. alcoholic preparations dispersant plasticizer for hair setting sprays Properties Off-wh. soft paste sol. in water, ethyl and cetostearyl alcohol HLB 16.8 sapon. no. 42-48 97% cone. 

Uses Surfactant, emulsifier for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, creams, lotions, ointments, liniments, hand cleaning pastes, detergents, cleansing agents Trade Names Sulfetal TC 50 Sulfopon 1218 G Trade Names Containing Galenol 1618 KS Sodium C16-20 aikyi suifate CAS 91648-55-4 EINECS/ELINCS 293-917-2... 

The incidence of contact sensitivity to 12 topically applied drugs in the relation to the frequency with which they are used in Warsaw was studied by Rudzki and Zakrzew-ski(l ). For this purpose 200,000 pharmaceutical prescriptions filled in 16 Warsaw pharmacies were analysed. The ratio of sensitive subjects to the number of prescriptions of each drug was calculated. This index of sensitization was calculated on the basis of prescribed ointments, creams and pastes etc. (Table 1). The high ratio of sensitization to Balsam of Peru is attributed to the use of suppositories. In the case of coal tar the high sensitization index may be due to non-specific irritation. In another study, Ebner (59 ) reports that Balsam of Peru was the most frequently encountered contact allergen in children and young persons. 

The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in the number of reported applications of neural computing in pharmaceutical formulation [29-32]. Applications now cover a variety of formulations—for example, immediate and controlled release tablets, skin creams, hydrogel ointments, liposomes and emulsions, and film coatings. The following examples are by no means exhaustive, but they show where neural computing has been used successfully in modeling formulations. 

Collapsible metal tubes are used extensively for packaging a wide range of pharmaceutical and cosmetic creams, pastes, ointments, jellies and semi-liquids. 

Pharmaceutical and cosmetics Suspensions, jellies, ointments, emulsions and encapsulation, tablet disintegrating agent, tablet binder, tooth paste, shaving cream, hand cream and lotions, liquid shampoos, dental impression materials, moulding compounds, active compound in antibody formation, etc. 

Drug dosage forms can be classified by consistency as solid, semisoUd, and liquid formulations. Solid formulations include powders, granules, microcapsules, capsules, dragees, suppositories, and decoctions. Ointments, creams, gels, and pastes are semisolid formulations, and solutions, emulsions of low viscosity, and suspensions make up the class of liquid formulations. Products applied to the skin border between pharmaceuticals and cosmetic usage (30). 

Uses Detergent, foaming agent, vise, builder in shampoos, hand soaps, bath prods., shaving creams, medicated ointments, rug and upholstery shampoos, household, metal, and industrial cleaners, fruit washing, insecticides, textile and leather processing, pharmaceuticals Properties Water-wh. cl. paste water-sol. pH 7.5-8.5 (10%) 29% act. STEPANOL WAT [Stepan]... 

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