Pharmaceuticals Britain

Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients American Pharmaceutical Association/The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, Washington, D.C. and London, 1986, pp. 19, 99, 101, 145, 240, 333. 

The US. Pharmacopeia (USP XXII) or National Formula (NFXVII) (20) also provide a similar description however, the peroxide value is not defined (Table 9). These specifications are also given in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (HPE), pubhshed jointiy by the American Pharmaceutical Association and The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (21), which defines lecithins both from plants and eggs. The Merck Index (22) specifies a slightiy lower acid value. The Japanese Monograph (ISCI-II) (23) specifies a slightiy lower acetone-insoluble matter and a lower heavy-metal content. 

Perhaps the first international attempt at harmonization involved excipients and a collaborative effort between scientists in the United States and the United Kingdom. The goal was to develop common descriptions and physical standards for the most commonly used excipients. The project was supported by the American Pharmaceutical Association and the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, who together... 

Aikens JE, Nease Jr DE et aL (2005) Adherence to maintenance-phase antidepressant medication as a function of patient beliefs about medication. Ann Fam Med 3 23-30 Blenkinsopp A, Bond C, Britten N (1997) From compliance to concordance. Achieving shared goals in medicine taking. Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and Merck Sharpe Dome, London UK... 

Royal Pharmaceutical Society (1997) From compliance to concordance towards shared goals in medicine taking. Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, London... 

In ancient times, poison-hemlock seed was collected green, dried and stored to be used medicinally as a sedative. The dried leaf and juice of Conium maculatum L. (Hemlock) were listed in pharmacopoeias of London and Edinburgh from 1864 to 1898, and the last official record appeared in Great Britain in the British Pharmaceutical Codex of 1934. Interest in the medicinal value of poison-hemlock has declined because of the unpredictability of its effects. The unpredictability is now understood, the toxin profile and concentration in the plant and green seed can vary dramatically because of environmental factors or, even, diurnally. 

Snell M, ed (2008). Medicines, Ethics and Practice a guide for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, 32nd rev edn. London Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Sweetman SC, ed (2006). Martindale the Complete Drug Reference, 35th edn. London Pharmaceutical Press. 

Medicines, Ethics and Practice a Guide for Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians, 32, July 2008. London Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 2008. 

From Casy and Hassan, by courtesy of The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.)... 

In the period intervening between its interim advice and its final report, the Joint Subcommittee received memoranda from, and met representatives of, the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPl), the BMA, the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and the College of General Practitioners. 

British Medical Association and the Pharmaceutical society of Great Britain, appearing first in 1949 and then every 3 years until 1979. 

The commitment of Britain s pharmaceutical industry to providing high quality effective medicines brings major benefits to both the health of the nation and the country s economy. 

The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain has issued guidance in relation to the acceptance of gifts and inducements to prescribe or supply. The Society states that pharmacists accepting items such as gift vouchers, bonus points, discount holidays, sports equipment etc would be in breach of the Society s Code of Ethics and advises pharmacists not to participate in such offers. 

Methods of sale of medicines through pharmacies are also covered by the Code of Ethics of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. 

Copies of the published reports are sent to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, the Office of Fair Trading, the British Medical Association, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and the Editors of the BMJ and The Pharmaceutical Journal. Copies of the published reports are also available to anyone on request. 

One of the developments that has contributed substantially to the improved quality of drug development is the emergence of Pharmaceutical Medicine. Pharmaceutical Medicine is the discipline concerned with the medical aspects of research, development, evaluation, registration, monitoring and marketing of medicines in the interest of patients. In Great Britain a Diploma in Pharmaceutical Medicine was introduced in 1975, and in 1989 the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine was established as part of the Royal College of Physicians. Subsequently, similar developments took place in other countries. 

Richmond, Lesley, Julie Stevenson and Alison Turton, eds. The Pharmaceutical Industry A Guide to Historical Records. Aldershot, Hampshire, England Ashgate, 2003. This guide facilitates the study of the pharmaceutical industry in Britain by providing information on the location of archives and company records. Few will want to examine the archives, but the book also includes brief histories of some companies, a chronology of pharmaceutical legislation, and essays by experts on the history of the industry. The material on Britain shows both similarities and differences to the history of the pharmaceutical industry in the United States. 

Michael J. Groves, a pharmacist with a doctorate in chemical engineering, has spent much of his career working in industry and academe. Now retired, his scientific interests include dispersed drug delivery systems and quality control issues for parenteral drug products. Editor or joint editor of a number of books, he has published 400 research papers, patents, reviews, and book reviews. He is a Fellow of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, the Institute of Biology, and the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists. 

Clearly this type of comparison will be affected by international differences other than regulatory ones—in particular, the different states of sophistication of pharmacological and pharmaceutical science and technology between countries, and the state of development and prominence of the industry in different countries economies. Nevertheless, although communication channels from the U.S. National Institutes of Health to U.S. firms are potentially shorter, basic knowledge is an international commodity. Substantial information can therefore be obtained from international comparisons, as in the case of the international comparison between the U.S. and Britain for the period 1962-1971 performed by one of the authors.(20, 21, 22)... 

Lasagna, Louis Wardell, William and Hansen, Ronald, "Technological Innovation and Government Regulation of Pharmaceuticals in the U.S. and Great Britain", National Science Foundation Grant No. RDA-75 19066-00, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 1977. 

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