Pharmaceuticals biomedical applications

Van de Manakker F, Vermonden T, van Nostrum CF, Hennink WE (2009) Cyclodextrin-based polymeric materials synthesis, properties, and pharmaceutical/biomedical applications. Biomacromolecules 10 3157-3175. doi 10.1021/bm901065f... 

Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. On account of its low toxicity and unique properties, poly(ethylene oxide) is utilized in a variety of pharmaceutical and biomedical appHcations. 

Arias, J.L., Lopez-Viota, M., Ruiz, M.A., Lopez-Viota, J. and Delgado, A.V. (2007) Development of carhonyl iron/ ethylcellulose core/shell nanoparticles for biomedical applications. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 339, 237-245. 

Van Tomme SR, Storm G, Hennink WE (2008) In situ gelling hydrogels for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Int J Pharm 355 1-18... 

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a polymer of great interest because of its many desirable characteristics specifically for various pharmaceutical, biomedical, and separation applications. PVA has a relatively simple chemical structure with a pendant hydroxyl group (figure la). The monomer, vinyl alcohol, does not exist in a stable form, rearranging to its tautomer, acetaldehyde. Therefore, PVA is produced by the polymerization of vinyl acetate to poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) followed by the hydrolysis to PVA (figure 2). Once the hydrolysis reaction is not complete, there are PVA with different degrees of hydrolysis (figure lb). For practical purposes, PVA is always a co-polymer of vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate [1]. 

S.M. Lunte and D.M. Radzik (Eds.), Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis, Progress in Pharmaceuical and Biomedical Analysis, Vol. 2, Elsevier Science, Oxford, 1996. 

Scriba, G. K. E. (2003). Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of chiral capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography an update. Electrophoresis 24(15), 2409-2421. 

E.W. Ciurczak and J.K. Drennen, Near-infrared spectroscopy in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. In Handbook of Near-Infrared Analysis, 2nd edition, D. Bums and E.W. Ciurczak (eds), Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 2001. 

Yang H, Kao WJ. Dendrimers for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2006 17 3-19. 

C.M. Riley, W.J. Lough and I.W. Wainer. Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of liquid... 

Hage DS, Anguizola JA, Bi C, Li R, Matsuda R, Papastavros E, Pfaunmiller E, Vargas J, Zheng X. Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of affinity chromatography Recent trends and developments. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, (in press). 

Polymers from renewable sources have received great attention over many years, predominantly due to the environmental concerns. Potato starch is a promising biopol5mier for various food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications because of its higher water solubility that raises its degradability and speed of degradation non-toxicity, easy availability, and abundancy. The role of starch for tissue engineering of bone, bone fixation, carrier for the controlled release... 

Vigneshwaran et al. (2006) s mthesized stable silver nanoparticles by using soluble starch as both the reducing and stabilizing agents. The use of environmentally benign and renewable materials like soluble starch offers numerous benefits of eco-friendliness and compatibility for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. 

A wide variety of parameters can directly affect the chemical and physical characteristics of a plasma, which in turn affect the surface chemistry obtained by the plasma modification. Some of the more important parameters include electrode geometry, gas type, radio frequency (0-10 ° Hz), pressure, gas flow rate, power, substrate temperature, and treatment time. The materials and plasmas used for specific biomedical applications are beyond the scope of this text, but the applications include surface modification for cardiovascular, ophthalmological, orthopedic, pharmaceutical, tissue culturing, biosensor, bioseparation, and dental applications. 

For any vibrational mode, the relative intensities of Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering depend only on the temperature. Measurement of this ratio can be used for temperature measurement, although this application is not commonly encountered in pharmaceutical or biomedical applications. Raman scattering based on rotational transitions in the gas phase and low energy (near-infrared) electronic transitions in condensed phases can also be observed. These forms of Raman scattering are sometimes used by physical chemists. However, as a practical matter, to most scientists, Raman spectroscopy means and will continue to mean vibrational Raman spectroscopy. 

Berger J, Reist M, Mayer JM, Felt O, Peppas NA, Gurny R. Structure and interactions in covalently and ionically crosslinked chitosan hydrogels for biomedical applications. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 2004, 57, 19-34. 

Despite the various fields of application (Figure 17.1), in this work industrial sectors such as pharmaceutical, food and biotechnology will be considered. Waste-water treatment and biomedical applications are discussed in other chapters. 

Nanoparticles have numerous applications in the chemical, food, pharmaceutical, biomedical and semiconductor industries. For example, nanoparticles as drug carriers can increase drug efficacy, and can reduce toxicity and side effect after parenteral administration (Feng et al., 2002). Nanoparticles used for industrial applications should have desirable physical properties, including appropriate size, surface charge, surface area, porosity and mechanical strength. The functionality of... 

Aliphatic polyesters are an attractive class of polymer that can be used in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. One reason for the growing interest in this type of degradable polymer is that their physical and chemical properties can be varied over a wide range by, e.g., copolymerization and advanced macro-molecular architecture. The synthesis of novel polymer structures through ringopening polymerization has been studied for a number of years [1-5]. The development of macromolecules with strictly defined structures and properties, aimed at biomedical applications, leads to complex and advanced architecture and a diversification of the hydrolyzable polymers. 

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