Pharmaceuticals and Other Biomedical Applications

L1265 (d) N. A. Clark, M. A. Handschy, S. T Lagerwall, Appl. Phys. Lett. 

Korblova, D. R. Link, R.-F. Shao, W. G. Jang, J. E. Maclennan, O. Mondainn-Monval, 

Weissflog, G. Pelzl, L.-C. Chien, J. Zasadzinski, J. Watanabe, D. M. Walba, 

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This book may also attract a wider range of readers, since synthetic membranes are now considered to be one of the most important tools in the areas of seawater desalination, wastewater treatment, water production, food processing, treatment of pharmaceutical products, air and water cleaning, separation of chemical and petrochemical products, drug release, and other biomedical applications. 

In this section, we will present the most significant and recent literature data concerning the UV-visible absorption and luminescence spectroscopies of a variety of phenothiazine derivatives and BPHTs (Figs. 1-5). We will also describe the photophysical and photochemical properties as well as the characteristics of organized media or molecular complexes formed between a number of phenothiazine derivatives or BPHTs and either micelles or CDs. Finally, we will examine several analytical methods which have been developed to determine phenothiazines in biological samples and pharmaceutical formulations, due to biomedical interest, and other recent applications of phenothiazines and BPHTs in various fields. 

Other biomedical applications of PAS include the study of the different states of blood hemoglobin, cytochromes, pharmaceutical powders, and diary products. 

Polysaccharides have many different applications in industry. They are used in foods as additives, pharmaceutical and cosmetics, biomedical, agriculture, as well as many other industrial and consumer applications. Being natural polymers they are relatively cheap and easier to buy as compared to synthetic polymers. They are biodegradable and so are preferred from an environmental point of view, but most importantly they have specific properties that make attractive for their applications [46-47]. 

HPLC has had considerable success in separating compounds as diverse as steroids, carbohydrates, vitamins, dyestuffs, pesticides and polymers. It is used routinely for the assay of pharmaceutical products, the monitoring of drugs and metabolites in body fluids and for other biomedical, biochemical and forensic applications, such as the detection of drugs of abuse. The determination of additives in foodstuffs and beverages including sugars,... 

Despite the various fields of application (Figure 17.1), in this work industrial sectors such as pharmaceutical, food and biotechnology will be considered. Waste-water treatment and biomedical applications are discussed in other chapters. 

Since conception over 100 years ago, MS has become an important analytical and research tool with diverse applications ranging from astronomical study of the solar system to materials analysis and process monitoring in chemical, oil and pharmaceutical industries. Use of MS has led to very many scientific breakthroughs including the discovery of isotopes, accurate determination of atomic mass, and the characterization of biomolecular structure. Indeed, MS is now a fundamental technique employed in pharmacology, toxicology and other biological, environmental and biomedical sciences. 

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