Synthesis of polymeric materials

For the synthesis of the target structures, it is absolutely necessary to introduce solubilizing substituents in the positions peripheral to the benzoyl substituents. The primary coupling product, 117, a poly(2,5-dibenzoyl-l,4-phenyl-ene) derivative - a poly(para-phenylene) with two benzoyl substituents in each structural unit - is, as expected, very poorly soluble. Highly substituted monomers (2,5-dibromo-l,4-bis(3,4-dihexyloxy-benzoyl)benzene), containing four solubilizing alkoxy groups per monomer unit, allow the synthesis of polymeric materials with M of about 12,000 and M, of about 22,000 [139]. 

Kaetsu, Radiation Synthesis of Polymeric Materials for Biomedical and Biochemical Applications. VoL 105, pp. 81 -98. 

Over the past decade, copper-mediated ATRP has had a tremendous impact on the synthesis of polymeric materials with well defined compositions, architectures, and functionalities [36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52], Apart... 

This review will outline the materials requirements for advanced alternative proton exchange membranes for fuel cells, assess recent progress in this area, and provide directions for the development of next-generation materials. The focus will be on the synthesis of polymeric materials that have attached ion conducting groups. State-of-the-art Nation and its commercially available perfluorosulfonic acid relatives will initially be discussed. Other chain-growth co-... 

This chapter will outline the synthesis of polymeric materials pursuing structural diversity and prepared by equilibrium reactions through DCLs. In particular, the dynamic covalent polymers will be focused upon because of their high stability and processability. In addition, advanced approaches to polymeric materials in DCC will be outlined. In this chapter, the authors will only discuss covalent polymers, excluding noncovalent polymers (supramo-lecular polymers) that can be found in References 7 and 8. 

Patten TE, Matyjaszewski K (1998) Atom transfer radical polymerization and the synthesis of polymeric materials. Adv Mater 10 901... 

Carbon dioxide is a widely available, inexpensive, and renewable resource. Hence, its utilization as a source of chemical carbon or as a solvent in chemical synthesis can lead to less of an impact on the environment than alternative processes. The preparation of aliphatic polycarbonates via the coupling of epoxides or oxetanes with CO2 illustrates processes where carbon dioxide can serve in both capacities, i.e., as a monomer and as a solvent. The reactions represented in (1) and (2) are two of the most well-studied instances of using carbon dioxide in chemical synthesis of polymeric materials, and represent environmentally benign routes to these biodegradable polymers. We and others have comprehensively reviewed this important area of chemistry fairly recently. Nevertheless, because of the intense interest and activity in this discipline, regular updates are warranted. 

The wide structural diversity in the tricyclic compounds considered in this chapter ensures that they have found an equally diverse range of applications. The applications previously outlined <1996CHEC-II(7)841> have continued to be important and have been further developed. Carbocyclic anhydrides and imides continue to find application for the synthesis of polymeric materials which are used extensively in microelectronics due to their excellent thermal and electrical properties <2001PP03>. Similarly, polymers containing benzobisthiazoles, benzobisoxazoles, and... 

Controlled synthesis of polymeric materials. The hallmark of much polymer education traditionally has been concern about materials containing distributions of molecular species. Many endeavors in polymer physical science, and untold numbers of applications, would benefit enormously from the finest possible control over the molecular purity of polymeric products. 

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