Pharmaceutical production worker

Pharmacologist Four to six years post-college study at a medical school or school of pharmacy Pharmaceutical Technician Two years in a training program after high school Pharmaceutical Production Worker High school diploma and on-the-job training... 

Pivampicillin caused sensitization in 56 workers at a penicillin factory. Pivampicillin and pivmecillinam were responsible for contact dermatitis in pharmaceutical production workers. Ampicillin, mecillinam, penicillin V and penicillin G were also implicated in cross reactions. 

N. F. Van Nimmen, K. L. Pods and H. A. Veulemans, Identification of exposure pathways for opioid narcotic analgesics in pharmaceutical production workers, Ann. Occup. Hyg., 2006, 50, 665-677. 

Medical devices and pharmaceuticals are two closely related communities. Their materials of concern are agents intended as therapeutics or as components of devices to be used in healthcare, where the production worker or healthcare provider (doctor, nurse, or pharmacist) may have a significant chance of exposure, but the major concern is for those patients who receive or use the drug or device. Various centers of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are the primary U.S. regulators. 

Studies that still are inconclusive have linked ethylene oxide with leukemia and stomach cancer. It is estimated that in the United States approximately 270.000 workers are routinely exposed to ethylene oxide. Camparalively high level exposures include 96.000 persons working in hospitals ttnd an additional 21.000 persons who work in commercial medical supply sierilization facilities, as well as in the production of spices and pharmaceutical products. Since the 1950s. cthy lenc oxide has been used as a sterilizing agenl. 

Uses Allyl alcohol is used in the manufacture of allyl esters, as monomers and prepolymers for the manufacture of resins and plastics. It has large use in the preparation of pharmaceutical products, in organic synthesis, and as a fungicide and herbicide. Workers engaged in industries such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, allyl esters, organic chemicals, resins, war gas, and plasticizers are often exposed to this alcohol. 

Despite the problems discussed above, LIPS has been successfully applied in a number of process analysis applications. In some cases, the LIPS system has been used off-line as in the application described by Ottesen in which air cooled metallic substrates were used to collect fly ash deposits from a pulverised coal combustion for subsequent analysis off-line [70]. Calibration standards were prepared by spraying aqueous solutions onto heated substrates using an air brush and the method was found to work well provided that the deposits were sufficiently thin to permit complete ablation. Other workers have proposed on-line LIPS systems for process control. An example is the apparatus proposed by Sabsabi [71] for in situ analysis of pre-selected components of homogeneous solid compositions. In particular, the author proposed that the system could be used for measurement of the concentration of active ingredients (e.g. drugs) in pharmaceutical products such as tablets, by monitoring an element present in the active component (e.g. 

Second, the preparation of new chemicals for new pharmaceutical products, synthetic materials and foods could add to the hazards which workers and customers face. Thermal instability and explosive behaviour can be extremely destructive and costly events. Reaction calorimetry and similar techniques can help to predict the likely behaviour of chemicals when reactions, transport and storage are concerned. Physiological behaviour may vary with the nature and form of a drug, and the nature and interconversion of these forms is often studied by thermal and calorimetric methods. 

In vitro drug release studies have been employed as a quality control procedure in pharmaceutical production, in product development, etc. Sensitive and reproducible release data derived from physicochemically and hydrodynamically defined conditions are necessary however, no standard in vitro method has yet been developed. Different workers have used apparatus of varying designs and under varying conditions, depending on the shape and application of the dosage form developed. 

Industrial irradiation There are 160 gamma-irradiation facilities and over 600 electron-beam facilities in operation in the world. Most facilities are for the sterilization of medical and pharmaceutical products, the preservation of foodstuffs, polymer synthesis and modification, and the eradication of insect infestation. Dose rates in the irradiation chamber would be of the order of 1 Gy s Therefore, there is a need for sophisticated engineered safety systems, and during normal usage the exposure of workers should be very low. The average annual effective dose of 57,200 monitored workers in 15 countries is 0.10 mSv. 

Different types of workers will be employed in pharmaceutical industry with differing levels of education. Many courses are offered to employees both as in-company and courses by outside companies in the educational market Pharmaceutical manufacturing is a widely used term for these occupations. Pharmaceutical productions operator is more specihc for employees with certain well-defined and established jobs in industry. The duration of these courses differ from 20 h to 2 years, depending oti the positimi of the worker and the responsibilities. 

Respiratory Occupational asthma occurred in a pharmaceutical employee who worked for 10 months as a production worker with vancomycin powder [89" ]. After 5 months he complained of rhinitis, cough, dyspnea, and chest discomfort. Vancomycin-associated occupational asthma was diagnosed. An intradermal test was positive and there was a significant increase in histamine release capacity, but specific IgE or IgG antibodies were not identified. Direct histamine release by vancomycin was suggested as the possible mechanism. 

Protection of the product from contamination by the worker s respiratory secretions (e.g., pharmaceutical products). 

A slow response to a smoldering mix of chemicals at the Napp Technologies plant in Lodi, NJ is blamed for an April 21,1995 explosion and fire that killed four workers and injured dozens of others. The blast destroyed more than 70% of the plant, which made pharmaceutical and cosmetic iiuerniediate products, and employed 110 workers. The explosion wrecked several stores housed in (he Napp building, damaged nearby buildings, and forced evacuation of 400 residents for about 13 hours. Chemicals leaked into a nearby river, killing hundreds of fish. 

In many products it seems highly probable that there exists a narrow range of optimum moisture contents that should be maintained. More specifically, the effect of moisture on MCC-containing tablets has been the subject of an investigation that demonstrates the sensitivity of this important excipient to moisture content [10]. These researchers found that differences exist in both the cohesive nature and the moisture content to two commercial brands of MCC. A very useful report on the equilibrium moisture content of some 30 excipients has been compiled by a collaborative group of workers from several pharmaceutical companies and appears in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients [11,12],... 

Phosgene is a colorless gas at ambient temperature and pressure. Its odor has been described as similar to new-mown hay. Phosgene is manufactured from a reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine gas in the presence of activated charcoal. The production of dyestuffs, isocyanates, carbonic acid esters (polycarbonates), acid chlorides, insecticides, and pharmaceutical chemicals requires phosgene. Manufacture of phosgene is approximately 1 million tons per year (y) in the United States, and more than 10,000 workers are involved in its manufacture and use. Manufacture of phosgene in the United States is... 

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