Pharmaceutical creams preparations

Eccleston GM, Behan-Martin MK, Jones GR, Towns-Andrews E. Synchrotron X-ray investigations into the lamellar gel phase formed in pharmaceutical creams prepared with cetrimide and fatty alcohols. Int J Pharm 2000 203 127-139. 

Cocoa butter is derived from the tree Theobroma cacao, which grows in several tropical areas, including Indonesia, the Ivory Coast, Malaysia, New Guinea and Brazil, which dominate the trade. The seeds of the tree, known as cocoa beans, were first consumed in the form of a drink prepared by the Maya and Aztec Indians. Cocoa beans were carried to Europe during the 16th century and the product was developed into the sweetened solid bar we are familiar with as chocolate. Cocoa butter is used mainly in the manufacture of chocolate confectionery, but it is also popular for applications in cosmetics and as an ingredient of pharmaceutical creams. 

Class 10,000 areas are suitable to prepare solutions that shall be sterile but cannot be sterilized in their final containers (referring to that sterile filtration is needed before filling) to prepare solutions of large volume parenterals that can be sterilized in their final containers to prepare, filter, fill and seal solutions of small volume parenterals fc50ml) and eye drops to prepare, filter, fill and seal oral solutions that can not be sterilized by steam sterilization to prepare, fill and seal ointments, creams, suspensions, emulsions that can not be sterilized in their final containers and to purify, dry, and package bulk pharmaceuticals for preparing injections. 

Uses O/w emulsifer for cosmetics and pharmaceutical creams, lotions and ointments, industrial applies. wetting agent, solubilizer for perfumes or aq. alcoholic preparations dispersant... 

Uses 0/w emulsifier for cosmetics and pharmaceutical creams, lotions and ointments, industrial applies., wetting agent, solubilizer for perfumes or aq. alcoholic preparations dispersant plasticizer for hair setting sprays Properties Pale straw liq. sol. in ethyl, oleyl, and cetearyl alcohols, oleic acid HLB 9.3 sapon. no. 138-150 97% cone. 

Massaccesi reported the development of a two-phase titration method for the analysis of miconazole and other imidazole derivatives in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulation [14], To the sample (10 mg) are added 10 mL of water, 10 mL of 1 M-sulfuric acid, 25 mL of dichloromethane and 1 mL of 0.05% indophenol blue (C.I. No. 49700) in dichloromethane solution and the solution is titrated with 10 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate until the color of the organic phase changes from blue to pale yellow. Results obtained for the drug in pure form, tablets, suppositories, cream and lotion agreed with the expected values and the coefficient of variation (n = 6) were 0.3-0.35%. Imidazole and the other constituents of the pharmaceutical preparations did not interfere. 

Kublin and Kaniewska [52] used a gas chromatographic method for the determination of miconazole and other imidazole antimycotic substances. The conditions have been established for the quantitative determination of miconazole and the other drugs, which are present in pharmaceuticals such as ointments and creams. The column, packed with UCW-98 on Chromosorb WAW, and flame-ionization detector were used. The statistical data indicate satisfactory precision of the method, both in the determination of imidazole derivatives in substances and in preparation. 

SP refers to a family of solid/liquid handling techniques to extract or to enrich analytes from sample matrices into an analyzable format, namely, the final analyte solution. While SP techniques are well documented, " few publications address the specific requirements for drug product preparations, most of which tend to employ the simple dilute and shoot approach. A more elaborate SP is often needed for complex sample matrices (e.g., lotions and creams). Many newer SP technologies such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), " supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), "i° pressurized fluid extraction or accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)ii"i and robotics " " are topics of numerous research papers, symposia and commercial promotion. However, for reasons discussed later, these newer developments have had little impact on the way pharmaceutical laboratories conduct their SP for drug products today. 

System (6) was recommended for the analysis of hydrocortisone, cortisone, and their acetates in pharmaceutical preparations, as well as their separation from a number of impurities and decomposition products [154]. The sample (creams, ointments, lotions, or suppositories) was extracted with hot ethanol prior to introduction into the HPLC system. 

The development of a simple fast-scan polarographic method for the determination of the A4-3-ketosteroid flurandrenolone in pharmaceutical preparations has been reported [134]. The polarographic peak due to the reduction of the carbon-fluorine bond is measured in ointments and creams to determine concentrations as low as 0.01 % w/w. Pulse polarographic procedures have been described for progesterones [135], A4-3-ketosteroids [136], hydrocortisone [137], and flucytosine [138] in pharmaceutical preparations. Recent studies have illus-... 

A number of medicines and pharmaceutical preparations are emulsions in nature. It is assumed that in this form, they are more effective. Cod-liver oil, castor oil, petroleum oil are used as medicines which are all emulsions. Asphalt emulsified in water is used for building roads, without the necessity of melting the asphalt. Most of the cosmetics used are emulsions as they permit uniform spreading and promoting the penetration into the skin. Vanishing cream is an O/W type emulsion. Hair creams, cold creams are W/O type emulsions. 

This is the place to start, since most often, analytical chemists are trying to help solve someone else s problem. We need to define the solute and its matrix as well as the nature of the analytical problem. For example, in the world of pharmaceuticals, there are raw material identification and purity determinations, in-process testing, dosage-form determinations, content uniformity, dissolution testing, stability studies, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and drug metabolism, to name a few. Each of these analytical problems has its own specific requirements. The matrix can be a raw material, granulation, tablet, capsule, solution, lotion, cream, syrup, dissolution medium, blood serum, urine, or various body tissues and fluids. Similar definitions can be described for virtually any industrial area and problem set. These definitions will help select sample preparation, separation, and detection techniques. 

---