Phages mosaic

A FIGURE 1-6 Viruses must infect a host cell to grow and reproduce. These electron micrographs illustrate some of the structural variety exhibited by viruses, (a) T4 bacteriophage (bracket) attaches to a bacterial cell via a tail structure. Viruses that infect bacteria are called bacteriophages, or simply phages, (b) Tobacco mosaic virus causes a mottling of the leaves of... 

Chae J S, Choi J K, Lim H T, et al. (2001). Generation of a murine single chain Fv (scFv) antibody specific for cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) using a phage display library. Mol. Cells. 11 7-12. 

Villani M E, Roggero P, Bitti O, et al. (2005). Immunomodulation of cucumber mosaic virus infection by intrabodies selected in vitro from a stable single-framework phage display library. Plant Mol. Biol. 58 305-316. 

Wei W, Davis RE, Jomantiene R, Zhao Y. Ancient, recurrent phage attacks and recombinations shaped dynamic sequence-variable mosaics at the root of phytoplasma genome evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008 105 11827-32. 

The replication cycle varies considerably, depending on the virus, host and type of viral nucleic acid (see Phage, Tobacco mosaic virus). Occasionally, the replication cycle of certain V. cannot be completed. Thus, if the genes for early phage proteins are repressed, the viral nucleic acid becomes incorporated into the host bacterial genome (see Temperate phages). Alternatively, certain enzymes required for replication or for maturation may be ab nt, due to muta-... 

Bacillus subtilis phages regulation 8, 1 replication 7, 3 Barley stripe mosaic virus assembly 6, 2 Barley yellow dwarf virus hybrids 6, 4 Biophysical methods use in virus research 17, 1 Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) see Bromovirus group Brome mosaic virus (BMV) see Bromovirus group Bromovirus group amino acid sequences 13, 1 assembly 6, 3 general 11, ... 

One distinguishes three classes of viruses (a) helical (rod-shaped) like TMV (Fig. 8.11), (b) spherical (of cubic symmetry) like turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV), Tipula iridescens virus (Fig. 8.12), and herpes virus and (c) complex symmetry like vaccinia or mumps virus and T-even phages (Fig. 8.13). 

The first interaction between a virus and a host cell is mediated by specific attachment sites on the host-cell membrane (viral receptors) and by specific structural parts of the viral coat. In 1952 Hershey and Chase demonstrated that in a phage-bacterial system it is almost exclusively the nucleic acid of the virus that enters the cell, while the protein envelope remains on the cell surface and its removal does not affect the subsequent viral growth cycle. Gierer and Schramm (1956) and Fraenkel-Conrat et al. (1957) infected tobacco plants with the isolated RNA of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Shortly thereafter several laboratories reported the productive infection of cells by naked nucleic acids from a variety of viruses (see Wecker, 1962 Schaffer, 1962). These findings led to the widespread acceptance of two hypotheses ... 

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