Phages induction

Houk VS, DeMarini DM. 1988. Use of the microscreen phage-induction assay to assess the genotoxicity of 14 hazardous industrial wastes. Environ Mol Mutagen 11 13-29. 

Mutagenesis tests of 2,6-xylidine have proved equivocal. o-Toluidine has displayed positive results in DNA repair assays and phage induction assays. The parent compounds displayed no mutagenicity. The mutagenesis potential has not been evaluated in the majority of local anesthetics. 

Ashby J, Kilbey B. 1981. Summary report on the performance of bacterial repair, phage induction, degranulation, and nuclear enlargement assays. Mutat Res 1 33-48. 

Kada T, Green M, Mandel M, et al. 1981. Summary report on the performance of bacterial repair, phage induction, degranulation, and nuclear enlargement assay. In deSerres FJ, Ashby J, eds. Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens Report of the International Collaborative Program. Prog Mutat Res 1 33-48. 

Exposure of lysogenic cultures to certain chemical and physical agents, e. g. hydrogen peroxide, mitomycin C and ultraviolet light, results in mass lysis and the production of high titres of phage. This process is called induction. 

The induction of a lysogenic culture to produce infectious phages, followed by lysogenization of a second strain of the bacterial species by these phages, results in the... 

Lytic growth of Mu can occur either upon initial infection, if the c gene repressor is not formed, or by induction of a lysogen. In either case, replication of Mu DNA involves repeated transposition of Mu to multiple sites on the host genome. Initially, transcription of only the early genes of Mu occurs, but after gene C protein, a positive activator of late RNA synthesis, is expressed, the synthesis of the Mu head and tail proteins occurs. Eventually, expression of the lytic function occurs and mature phage particles are released. 

Messenger RNA. In 1956, Volkin and Astra-chan29 30 detected a rapidly labeled and labile RNA in phage-infected bacterial cells. Studies of enzyme induction also suggested the existence of mRNA. 

Catalytic antibodies, like enzymes, must be isolated and purified to homogeneity before they can be studied. Initially this was done by using the hybridoma technique for isolation of monoclonal antibodies (Box 31-A). After induction of antibody formation by injecting a selected hapten into a mouse, large numbers of monoclonal antibodies had to be tested for catalytic activity. Even if several thousand different monoclonal antibodies were tested, only a few with catalytic properties could be found.1 Newer methods have incorporated recombinant DNA techniques (Box 31-A) and use of combinatorial libraries and phage display.) Incorporation of acidic or basic groups into the haptens used to induce antibody formation may yield antibodies capable of mimicking the acid-base catalysis employed by natural enzymes. 0... 

For better aeration during phage growth or induction in 96-well plates, the plate lid may be removed. 

The exonuclease synthesized after induction of A lysogens or after infection with virulent mutants of this phage has received a great deal... 

As with photoreactivation, excision repair and recombination repair, the story starts with yet another form of reactivation of UV-irradiated phage in host cells. This phenomenon was first observed by Luria(1947), but came to be known as Weigle reactivation. He observed that UV-irradiated bacteriophageX survives better when plaqued on E. coli which has been previously irradiated with a small dose of UV (Weigle, 1953). This paper also showed that whatever repair process is induced in the host cells by these small doses of UV was mutagenic. For a time it came to be known as error-prone repair, distinguishing it from excision repair which was said to be error-free. The distinction was dramatically demonstrated by Howard-Flanders, who found that the rate of induction of mutation by UV was 100-1000-fold higher in strains of E. coli defective in excision repair. 

Inductest Escherichia coli A-lysogen Phage or enzyme induction <3 wk L L M NA... 

Barbas CF III, Kang AS, Lemer RA, Benkovic SJ. Assembly of combinatorial antibody libraries on phage surfaces the gene III site. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1991 88(18) 7978-7982. Barbas CF III, Burton DR, Scott JK, Silverman GJ, eds. Phage display of proteins and peptides A laboratory manual. 2001. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.Cold Spring Harbor, NY. Janda KD, Schloeder D, Benkovic SJ, Lemer RA. Induction of an antibody that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an amide bond. Science 1988 241(4870) 1188-1191. 

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