Petroleum global production

ExxonMobil downstream business includes refining, retail marketing, lubricant basestock production and sales, finished lubricants, petroleum specialty products and downstream technology. The global downstream business is divided into four companies ... 

Petroleum extraction and processing is the center of one of the world s most valuable industries. From 2005 to 2009, annual global production of crude oil and natural gas yms remarkably constant at around 37 billion barrels of oil equivalent (BOE). This... 

Oilfield Directory http //www.oilfielddirectory.com/ (accessed July 23, 2010). Established in 1996, the Oilfield Directory provides extensive coverage of the petroleum industry, including links to news feeds and oil prices, a global product and services directory, an equipment section, job bank, and discussion forum. Companies interested in more detailed listings of their services can pay an annual membership fee for additional access. 

Types of Petroleum Coke Products and Services Global Carbon, ConocoPhillips Houston, Texas, 2004 (http //www.conoco.com/products/global carbon/types.asp)... 

The worldwide demand for petroleum continues to rise at a rapid pace while supplies are finite. On a global basis (7) the US produces only 2% of the world petroleum products while consuming about 26% of global production (Table I). As developing nations increase their needs for hydrocarbon products (primarily transportation fuels), supplies will become even tighter. It is therefore important that the US develop alternative forms of energy and feedstocks based on renewable resources. 

In 1966, the rhodium-iodide process for the catalytic production of acetic acid was initiated at the Monsanto laboratories.The first production plant based on this technology started operating in 1970 in Texas City with an initial capacity of 135 000 ton year In 1986, BP Chemicals (British Petroleum) acquired and further developed the technology while extending it all over the world. Nowadays, the global production of acetic acid reaches eight... 

The pattern of commercial production of 1,3-butadiene parallels the overall development of the petrochemical industry. Since its discovery via pyrolysis of various organic materials, butadiene has been manufactured from acetylene as weU as ethanol, both via butanediols (1,3- and 1,4-) as intermediates (see Acetylene-DERIVED chemicals). On a global basis, the importance of these processes has decreased substantially because of the increasing production of butadiene from petroleum sources. China and India stiU convert ethanol to butadiene using the two-step process while Poland and the former USSR use a one-step process (229,230). In the past butadiene also was produced by the dehydrogenation of / -butane and oxydehydrogenation of / -butenes. However, butadiene is now primarily produced as a by-product in the steam cracking of hydrocarbon streams to produce ethylene. Except under market dislocation situations, butadiene is almost exclusively manufactured by this process in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan. 

It is likely that the reliable crude oil supply will not diminish any time soon. Petroleum-derived fuels will remain the primary source of transportation energy for well into the twenty-first century. Producers and refiners have been, and will be, environmentally responsible. The existing infrastructure of advanced product distribution systems can compete with alternative fuels readily. Future fuels will be competitive, both economically and environmentally. New global market conditions will dictate closure of inefficient facilities and investment in new technology. Larger and more efficient operations will survive and will focus on the niche market. ... 

Figure 9.1. Measured and fitted global annual industrial age As production, (a) by mining (b) released by coal burning (c) released by petroleum burning and (d) gross annual release into the environment (See explanations in the text) (after Han et al., 2003b. Reprinted from Naturwissenschaften, 90, Han F.X., Su Y., Monts D.L., Plodinec M.J., Banin A., Triplett G.B., Assessment of global industrial-age anthropogenic arsenic contamination, pp 396-397, Copyright (2003), with kind permission of Springer Science and Business Media)...

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