As a fuel of the future

Hydrogen is receiving a lot of attention lately as a fuel of the future. We are all aware of the difficulty the world will be facing as our nonrenewable energy resources become depleted. Oil is expected to last, by various estimates, into the early twenty-second century and coal perhaps for another century... 

Hydrogen is highly flammable over a wide range of temperature and concentration. Although its combustion efficiency is truly outstanding and welcomed as a fuel of the choice for the future, it inevitably renders several nontrivial technological challenges, such as... 

In conclusion, model compound studies have contributed valuable information for our understanding of the structure and reactivity of the enzymatic centre by probing the chemical possibilities. But apart from the help in the complete understanding of the catalytic principle, they also point to potential alternatives for functional catalysts, which are needed for the cheap production of hydrogen on a large scale to meet the increased demand expected after its introduction as a fuel in the future (Chapters 9 and 10). 

Biobutanol is a fuel of the future. It can be made by the fermentation of almost any form of biomass - grain, straw, leaves etc. a But-l-ene can be obtained from alkanes such as decane, C10H22, by cracking. 

Metallic membranes for hydrogen separation can be of many types, such as pure metals Pd, V, Ta, Nb, and Ti binary alloys of Pd, with Cu, Ag, and Y Pd alloyed with Ni, Au, Ce, and Fe and complex alloys of Pd alloyed with more than one metal [3], Body-centered cubic metals, for example, Nb and V, have higher permeability than face-centered cubic metals, for instance, Pd and Ni [26-29], Even though Nb, V, and Ta possess a permeability greater than that of Pd, these metals develop oxide layers and are complicated to be used as hydrogen separation membranes [29], Especially, the Pd and Pd-based membranes have in recent times obtained renovated consideration on account of the prospects of a generalized use of hydrogen as a fuel in the future [26], We emphasize on these types of membranes in this chapter. 

What is a major proposed use of liquid methanol as a fuel for the future ... 

The potential of LNG to be a fuel of the future for the shipping industry is a hot spot almost daily. There is no doubt that LNG ticks the box in terms of emissions reductions compared to conventional fossil fuels (Michael D. Tusiani and Gordon Shearer 2007). But the expansion of LNG as a fuel into the mainstream shipping industry throws up a combination of technological and regulatory challenges that the industry must address. 

Hydrogen has been suggested as the fuel of the future. One way to store it is to convert it to a compound that can be heated to release the hydrogen. One such compound is calcium hydride, CaH2. This compound has a heat of formation of —186.2 kj/mol and a standard entropy of 42.0 J/mol-K. What is the minimum temperature to which calcium hydride would have to be heated to produce hydrogen at one atmosphere pressure ... 

The US is optimistic about the prospects for hydrogen, not just as the transportation fuel of the future, but also for its potential to generate electricity to heat and power our homes and businesses. Bush stated that he considered his US 1.5 billion hydrogen development plan a legacy for future generations and key to the nation s energy security. 

The relative share of oil is now culminating from a peak production around year 2000, whereas natural gas is still foreseen to have a substantial relative growth potential. However, owing to the limited reserves of fossil fuels the role of natural gas can only be seen as a bridge to the future. 

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