Syntheses petrochemical

In addition to search direction it is necessary to determine the order of enumeration of the synthesis tree. Depth, breadth and hybrid search procedures are all possible. For most current programs the evaluation is so uncertain that human interaction with the program during execution is necessary and undoubtedly more fruitful. 

Most current programs have been aimed at laboratory syntheses. The detail and data required for industrial paths is not commonly in these programs. Many of these programs start with raw material molecules dilch are the targets of industrial chemists. We are intrigued by the possibility of applying these ideas to smaller molecules. 

To our knowledge, only two applications of these techniques have been made to industrial reaction problems. The Chioda Chemical Engineering and Construction Company in Tokyo, Japan has used a program called CHEMONICS in which known specific reactions numbering approximately 100 are stored. The thermochemical properties, and in some cases kinetic parameters, are known for these reactions. The reactions are mixed and matched by the user with the program performing the analysis of the reaction network. 

In the following sections we describe a prototype program, REACT, which is currently being, tested on a number of industrial problems. 

REACT -- A reaction path synthesis program for the petrochemical industry. 

---

Lubricants for plastics processing are to a large extent synthetic waxes derived from coal or petrochemical syntheses or natural waxes derived from renewable resources. 

It must be emphasized that NMR is first and foremost a tool for structural analysis and, in addition to the petroleum analyses described above, the technique (phosphorus NMR and sometimes nitrogen NMR) is abundantly used in all petrochemical synthesis operations. 

Nasirov, F. M. Dissertation for the Degree of candidate of Sciences, Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, USSR, Academy of Sciences, Moscow 1965... 

Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow 1973... 

NIKOLAI N. ZEMLYANSKY and IRINA V. BORISOVA (35), A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (TIPS RAS), 29, Leninsky prospect, 119991-GSP-l, Moscow, Russian Federation... 

To develope the scientific bases of zeolite catalysts preparation for selective organic and petrochemical synthesis, the elaboration of methods of directed modification of acid properties of these systems seems to be very important, namely, the creation in them of acid sites of different nature and the determination of their irole in multi-route catalytic transformations. 

The production of various half-finished products of petrochemical synthesis and liquid fuels from natural gas is the most important objective connected with the crude oil economy and the creation of highly effective chemical engineering processes. In this connection, investigations performed by the Sandra National Laboratory (USA) are of special interest. This company designs enzyme mimics for catalytic activation of low-molecular gaseous alkanes in liquid fuel production [74], Two directions of their activity should be outlined ... 

Liquified or bottled gas Fuel gas petrochemical synthesis of rubber products... 

G.P. KARPACHEVA, L.M. ZEMTSOV, K.A. BAGDASAROVA, M.N. EFIMOV, M.M. ERMILOVA, N.V. OREKHOVA A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia... 

Geiderikh, M.A. (1965) The study of thermal transformation of polyacrylonitrile, PhD theses, A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Moscow, Russia. 

Metal- and alloy-containing membranes are currently applied mainly in ultrapure hydrogen production. Pilot plants with palladium alloy tubular membrane catalyst were used in Moscow for hydrogenation of acetylenic alcohols into ethylenic ones. In the Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, a laboratory-scale reactor of the same type was tested... 

Yu. M. Serov, O.S. Gur yanova, S.G. Gul yanova, and V.M. Gryaznov, Hydrogenation of CO over hydrogen permeable membrane catalysts at atmospheric pressure, Chem. Synthesis Based on Cl Molecules. Abstracts of papers of Vsesouzn. Conf. Moscow, Topchiev Inst, of Petrochemical Synthesis, 1984, p. 28. 

M.M. Ermilova, N.V. Orekhova, L.S. Morozova, and E.V. Skakunova, Selective hydrogenation of cyclopolyolefines on membrane catalyst from palladium-ruthenium alloy. Membrane Catalysts Permeable to Hydrogen and Oxygen, Moscow, Topchiev Inst, of Petrochemical Synthesis, 1985, p. 70. 

Olefins from FT synthesis are important building blocks for petrochemical synthesis to manufacture high-molecular weight chemicals, polymer materials, or alcohols. The linear paraffin products are either recycled to generate more syngas... 

The basic sources of petrochemical synthesis are benzene and its homologues. The production of these compounds from petroleum is profitable. In 1996, the world requirements for benzene will grow up to 24-26 million tons per year. Non-oxidizing dehydrogenation of alkanes is a subject of intensive investigation. So, the selection and increase of the assortment of highly effective catalysts for the synthesis of olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons from alkanes are very important for development of this branch of industry. There are three main catalysts for non-oxidized dehydrogenation ... 

At B. F. Goodrich we found that this type of catalyst, depicted in the generic structure in Fig. 4.34 (where E = P, As, Sb, O, or N X=O or S Y=saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl chain, L is an ancillary hgand), is effective in the copolymerization of ethylene with norbornene-type monomers (both nonfunctional and functionahzed in the 5-position, R-NB) [88]. The appheation of these catalysts for the copolymerization of ethylene and norbornenes was first conceived and demonstrated by our collaborators Makovetsky and Finkelshtein at the Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis in Moscow. 

Zhorov Yu. M. Thermodynamics of Chemical Processes. In Petrochemical Synthesis, Processing of Petroleum, Coal and Natural Gas. Mir Editions, Moscow, 1987, p. 166 and 243. 

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 91, No.l, 5th Jan.2004, p.439-44 SYNTHESIS AND POTENTIAL RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION OF NEW MONOMERS BASED ON DIALLYLGUANIDUVE Zaikov G E Malkanduev Y A Khashirova S Y Emsurziev A M Martynenko A I Sivova L I Sivov N A Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Kabardino-Balkar,University Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis... 

Catalytic oxidative transformations of lower alkanes attract the attention as possible ways to transfer these substances into more suitable chemicals - olefins and oxygenates (alcohols, aldehydes, acids, etc.) - and to involve them into the industrial use as raw materials for chemical and petrochemical synthesis. However, the yields of desirable products reached up to date are not sufficiently high. The progress in the studies of intrinsic mechanism of catalytic partial oxidation of lower alkanes is not sustainable either. We believe that these two facts are correlated and that the analysis we performed in the present work can brighten up some important details of the mechanism of catalytic oxidation of lower alkanes. ... 

Fig. 4. Schematic of plasmatron system used for methane pyrolysis. (Redrawn from Kinetika i termodinam. khim. reaktsii v nizkotemperaturnoi plazme, Polak, L. (ed.). Moscow Nauka 1965, by permission of Professor L. Polak, Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Moscow)...

---