Pesticides aphids

Carbamate pesticides A salt or ester of carbamic acid used as a pesticide and known to cause death of animals at high concentrations. Aldicarb is effective against thrips, aphids, spider mites, lygus, fleahoppers, and leafminers but is mainly used against nematodes. Carbofuran is the most toxic of the carbamate pesticides used to control insects in potatoes, corn, and soybeans. Carbaryl kills beneficial insect and crustacean species along with the target pests. 2-(i-Methylpropyl)phenyl methylcarbamate is used as an insecticide on rice and cotton. 

Aminocarb is a nonsystemic insecticide. It controls lepidopterous insects, aphids, and soil mollusks. The acute oral LD50 for rats is 50 mg/kg, and the acute dermal LD50 for rats is 275 mg/kg, suggesting that toxicity to skin is appreciably severe compared with carbamate pesticides.2... 

Paraffinic oil is a refined petroleum distillate. This pesticidal oil is effective against aphids, lace bugs, leafhoppers, leafminers, mealybugs, scales, psyllids, whiteflies, thrips, and mites on vegetables, fruit and nut trees, landscape trees, shrubs, and flowing plants. 

Soaps can be used for control of small, soft-bodied plant pests such as aphids, mealybugs, psyllids, and spider mites. Pesticidal soaps are alternatives to petrochemical insecticides. 

Nicotine is a highly poisonous alkaloid, extracted from special tobacco selected for its high nicotine content. When used as an insecticide, nicotine products are poisonous to most plant pests, including aphids, mealybugs, scales, and spider mites. However, nicotine is also highly toxic to mammals when taken internally or absorbed through the skin— more toxic, in fact, than many synthetic pesticides. It remains toxic on leaf surfaces for several weeks after an application. Also, nicotine products may contain the pathogen that causes tobacco mosaic virus in related... 

Stark JD, Bamfo S. 2002. Population-level outcomes of differential susceptibility among life stages of the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae to pesticides. In Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, Honolulu, Hawaii, January 14—18, 2002. Forest Service (WA) US Department of Agriculture, p. 314-317. 

Banks JE, Dick LK, Banks HT, Stark JD. 2008. Time-varying vital rates in ecotoxicology selective pesticides and aphid population dynamics. Ecol Model 210 155-160. 

T riamiphos, 5-amino-3-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-l -yl-N,N,N, N -tetramethyl-phosphonic diamide, marketed as Wepsyn", has been used primarily in floriculture (roses) and apple orchards for the control of powdery mildew (Koopmans, 1960). In addition to its prophylactic use, it is absorbed by the plants and has a curative effect. According to Magendans and Dekker (1966), triamiphos primarily inhibits the formation of haustoria, but it also reduces spore formation. It also has insecticidal properties, mainly against aphids. Today, triamiphos has been replaced by other pesticides because it is expensive to produce and is very toxic to warmblooded organisms, its acute oral lDjo being 20 mg/kg for rats. 

At station OZZ 3, only one mass death was discovered, on May 25. The pesticides found (dimethoate and omethoate) and the pollen present on the bees bodies (above all Papaver, other wild species and ornamental species like Magnolia, Pinus, and Gleditsia) suggest that the bees gathered the honeydew secreted by aphids in the wheat fields around the monitoring station, especially in proximity to homes with gardens (Table 11.5 and Figure 11.7). 

Environmental Very toxic to aquatic organisms Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp, emits ethylene gas CO, CO2, phosphoric acid mist may be formed in fires Storage Dec. by water store 4 C Uses Formerly used as a pesticide now largely replaced by other products insecticide for aphids, mites, and rodenticides... 

---