Personality dimensions

Only those areas of functioning that are directly relevant to arousal are affected by caffeine. Included would be certain aspects of emotion, performance affected by focused attention, and behavior relating to certain personality dimensions. 

We have already noted evidence for genetic factors that underlie the preference for and response to caffeine. These factors create a biologically based set of individual difference dimensions that may be modified by experience with the drug. In addition, there is evidence for a number of broader individual difference dimensions that appear to be relevant. These bipolar continua differentiate between subjects who are habitually high in arousal or arousability and those who are habitually low. The factors in question are personality dimensions that theoretically reflect underlying biological continua of arousal or arousability.238 Included among these dimensions are extraversion,58 impulsivity,239240 and sensation-seek-ing.94-241-242 We will take up the first two of these. 

A variety of factors differentiating tolerance studies could have contributed to the observed discrepancy. Lower doses are less likely to lead to tolerance than higher doses or will do so less rapidly. The habitual coffee drinkers in some studies may have had different levels or durations of consumption. In the cases of acute dosing, caffeine consumed by subjects outside the laboratory on the day of the experiment may have varied. This is particularly true when some investigators request in advance that subjects abstain from caffeine prior to the experiment, while others do not. Differences in age, gender, and arousal-relevant personality dimensions,... 

Most findings for emotional functioning are also consistent with this theory. Mood states become more positive until arousal, including the caffeine component, crosses threshold, then deteriorate with further arousal increments. Happiness similarly increases, then decreases as arousal rises. Data on such arousal-relevant personality dimensions as extraversion and impulsivity clearly support the inverted-U hypothesis. What this suggests, then, is that many of the effects of caffeine are mediated by its effect on arousal and its interaction with other arousal agents. Such a finding... 

Schizotypy correlation. Two hundred eleven healthy adults who used cannabis showed higher scores on schizotypy, borderline, and psychoticism scales than never-users. Multivariate analysis, covarying lie scale scores, age, and educational level indicated that high schizotypal traits best discriminated subjects who had used cannabis from never-users, whether or not they reported having used other recreational drugs. The results indicated that cannabis use was related to a personality dimension of psychosis-proneness in healthy people k... 

Association of the personality dimension of introversion with increased activity in frontal lobe regions ( 35)... 

Kumar A, Vaidya AK. Anxiety as a personality dimension of short and long sleepers. J Clin Psychol 1984 40 197-198. 

Casper RC, Hedeker D, McClough JF. Personality dimensions in eating disorders and their relevance for subtyping. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1992 31 830-840. 

Although we would not know it from this passage, you may not be surprised to learn, and you would know if you had the whole book in your hand, that the writer is in fact herself a woman. The use of an individual case study (which sounds as if it is a study the writer has made herself) brings in a more personal dimension to the writing, and this brings both the material and the sense of the writer s presence nearer to the reader. It is likely that the reader will respond to a sense that the writer has an interest in telling us about the difficult conditions of the women. However, this is not actually stated in the text, with its impersonal approach. Such information is often, however, given in the preface or introduction of a book. 

Mor Barak, M, E., Cherin, D. A., Berkman, S. (1998). Organizational and personal dimensions in diversity climate Ethnic and gender differences in employee perceptions. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 34, 82-104. doklO.l 177/0021886398341006... 

It may also be the case that personality dimensions other than the Big Five may be associated with safety behavior. A number of recent studies have begun to explore this idea in some detail. For example, Probst et al. (2013) examined the ability of a personahty dimension-labeled consideration of future safety consequences to predict employee safety. Similarly, Hogan and Foster (2013) examined the relationships between 6 personality dimensions (labeled compliant, confident, emotionally stable, vigilant, cautious, and trainable) and safety-related outcomes. While this work is important, for now the weight of evidence required to reach conclusions about these personality dimensions is not there. 

Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K. (1991). The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1-26. 

Risk analysis and decision making under uncertainty are inherendy cross disciplinary. Risk is primarily concerned with measuring the probability and severity of potentially negative outcomes. Risk is a scientific concept that can be qualitative or quantitative or both. By contrast, decision making, which is about the acceptability of risk, has political, ethical, and personal dimensions (Lowrance, 1976). Some will argue that risk is primarily subjective, that the notion of risk is a response to the human need to cope with uncertainty and that we develop models whose structures and uses are riddled with subjective judgments (Slovic, 1999). We must acknowledge that all models have an element of subjectivity but the key difference between the scientific and subjective views of risk is the extent of this subjectivity. For the purposes of this paper, I... 

As before, the PAPT process begins with a survey (see Appendix 7-C), and from the results of the survey we can chart the personality dimensions of each member of the team. In Chart 7.9 we see how the rankings occur graphically. This is how the results from the survey are plotted. In Chart 7.10 we see the significance and meaning of each quadrant. 

Internal person dimensions like attitudes, perceptions, and cognitions are difficult to define objectively and change directly. So stop trying Most of us don t have the education, training, experience, nor time to deal with people s attitudes or person states directly. Instead, you should look for external factors influencing behavior independent of individual feelings, preferences, and perceptions. When you empower people to analyze behavior from a systems perspective and implement interventions to improve behavior, you will indirectly improve their attitude, commitment, and internal motivation. 

A basic principle introduced in Ws chapter is that the safety performance of an organization results from the d5mamic interaction of environment, behavior, and person factors. The behavior and person dimensions represent the human aspect of industrial safety and reflect two divergent approaches to understanding the psychology of injury prevention. 

Person traits. Theoretically, traits are relatively permanent characteristics of people they do not vary much over time or across situations. The popular Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, for example, was designed to measure where individuals fall along four dichotomous personality dimensions extroversion vs. introversion, sensing vs. intuition, thinking... 

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