Systems Perspective

The sociotechnical systems perspective is essentially top-down, in that it addresses the question of how the implications of management policies at all levels in the organization will affect the likelihood of errors with significant consequences. The sociotechnical systems perspective is therefore concerned with the implications of management and policy on system safety, quality, and productivity. 

Management policies have an all pervasive effect on the activities of individuals at every level in the organization. The safety-related factors at the management level which have been considered in the organizational systems perspective in Chapter 2, will be summarized here to complete the general classification scheme of PIFs. 

The Terrestrial Component. These papers illustrate the application of temporal, spatial, and domain connectivity. Chemicals associated with people, food eaten by people, insects, and other organisms that compete with people for food, and other biomass must be identified. Since most of these chemical groups are terrestrial, spatial boundaries such as urban, biome, regional, and global are used. From a system perspective, these boundaries exclude water and air and require that they be placed in the "rest of the system" category. This type of boundary introduces the assumption that food, competitors for food, or any chemical that is discharged to or harvested from the air or water is ignored or assumed to be external to the system studied. 

Mannhold, R., Rekker, R. F. The hydrophobic fragmental constant approach for calculating log P in octanol/ water and aliphatic hydrocarbon/water systems. Perspect. Drug Discov. Des. 2000, 18,1-18. 

Teach from the system perspective from the outset. 

Potter, W., Grossman, G. and Rudorfer, M. Noradrenergic function in depressive disorders. In Biology of Depressive Disorder Part A A System Perspective. Ed. Kupfer, D. J. New York Plenum Press, 1993, pp 1-27. 

Getting More Science into Exploration The Mineral Systems Perspective... 

Walshe, J.L., Cooke, D.R., Neumayr, P. 2005. Five questions for fun and profit A mineral systems perspective on metallogenic epochs, provinces and magmatic hydrothermal Cu and Au deposits. In Mao, J. Bierlein, F. P. (eds.), Mineral Deposit Research Meeting the Global Challenge, 1, 477-480. 

In a SAREP (1997) statement, [a] system perspective is essential to understanding sustainability. The system is envisioned in its broadest sense, from the individual farm, to the local ecosystem, and to communities affected by this farming system both locally and globally.. ..A system approach gives us the tools to explore the interconnections between farming and other aspects of our environment. 

Although the importance of a systemic perspective on metabolism has only recently attained widespread attention, a formal frameworks for systemic analysis has already been developed since the late 1960s. Biochemical Systems Theory (BST), put forward by Savageau and others [142, 144 147], seeks to provide a unified framework for the analysis of cellular reaction networks. Predating Metabolic Control Analysis, BST emphasizes three main aspects in the analysis of metabolism [319] (i) the importance of the interconnections, rather than the components, for cellular function (ii) the nonlinearity of biochemical rate equations (iii) the need for a unified mathematical treatment. Similar to MCA, the achievements associated with BST would warrant a more elaborate treatment, here we will focus on BST solely as a tool for the approximation and numerical simulation of complex biochemical reaction networks. 

MacDonald, K. (1992). A time and place for everything A discrete systems perspective on the role of children s rough-and-tumble play in educational settings. Early Education and Development, 3, 334—355. 

Analyses from the healthcare system perspective (e.g. Ministry or Department of Health) would include only those costs that are paid by that system. 

McGaugh JL (2002) Memory consolidation and the amygdala a systems perspective. Trends Neurosci 25 456-461... 

The PAT process has been successful in bringing a systems perspective and a team approach to facilitate innovation. The PAT team has approved one application that included a joint team inspection and has recently completed a pre-operational visit for a major PAT application. Several PAT proposals... 

Laurent, G. (1999). A systems perspective on early olfactory coding Science 286 723-726. 

The Business Layer is in the center of CRS where the core business functions reside. Any business application has a workflow—the steps it takes to accomplish one or many tasks or transactions. Clearly analyzing and understanding the workflow is essential to designing the Business Layer correctly. Use case specifications capture workflow from a user s perspective. The System Activity Diagram is an excellent tool to capture system workflow from a system perspective. Figure 12.1 is the System Activity Diagram (CAD) of CRS. 

Carloni, P. and Rothlisberger, U. (2001) Simulations of enzymatic systems perspectives from Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations. Theor. Comp. Chem., 9, 215. 

CQI introduced two important ideas that transcend QA and QC. First, CQI represents a total systems perspective concerning quality all workers within the health care system are interconnected (Godwin and Sanborn, 1995). When examined from a systems per-... 

Sheridan TB. 1988. The system perspective. In Nagel DC (ed), Human Factors in Aviation, p. 27. New York Academic Press. 

The following factors of selected sub-systems give a short description of the organic agriculture in (sub) tropical regions (sub-system number in parenthesis) from a core system perspective ... 

Graedel TE,Crutzen PG (1993) Atmospheric change an Earth System perspective, 2nd edn. Freeman, New York... 

Studies of the gas content of protoplanetary disks with ages between 1 and 30 Myr are necessary to determine how rapidly the gas disperses and make a more direct comparison to the evolution and dispersal of dust in disks. As we discussed in Section 9.1.2, the dispersal of gaseous disks also provides an upper limit for the formation time of giant planets that can be compared to the time necessary to form Jupiter and Saturn in our Solar System. From a Solar System perspective it is interesting to expand on the constraints placed on the gas dispersal from the age determination of meteorites with implantation of solar wind, which provide us a... 

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