Personal sampler

Personal sampler A collection device attached to a person that obtains samples of air to be tested for radioactive, chemical, or biological agents. 

Mark, D. and Vincent, J.H. (1986) A new personal sampler for airborne total dust in the workplace, Ann. Occup. Hygiene, 30 89-102. 

Toxicity end point Maehlyand Swensson 1970 No adverse effect in healthy adult humans occupationally exposed at geometric mean concentration of <1 (range 0.01-3.3 ppm, personal samplers [up to 6 ppm, area samples]) or 5 ppm mild headache in adult humans occupationally exposed at 8 ppm. The exposure duration was considered to be 8 h. 

Exposure Route/Concentrations/Durations Inhalation/geometric mean exposure of <1 ppm (range, 0.01-3.3 ppm personal samplers), up to 6 ppm (area samples)/mean service years, 16.5 (Leeser et al. 1990) Inhalation/average exposure 8 ppm/5-15 y (El Ghawabi et al. 1975) Inhalation/5 ppm/unknown/(Grabois 1954 Maehly and Swensson 1970 Hardy et al. 1950). ... 

Collection on personal sampler containing Amberlite XAD-2 desorption with diethyl ether... 

Based on the research of Dr. E. D. Palmes (1) at New York University s Institute of Environmental Medicine and on additional study supported by a contract from the United States Bureau of Mines, a unique personal sampler has been designed to passively collect N0X. This is accomplished by way of molecular diffusion and subsequent trapping of the molecules onto a matrix coated with triethanolamine (TEA) at the closed end of the sampler. Constructed of polypropylene, the tubular sampler shown in Figure 1 is small, lightweight, unbreakable and can be easily worn in the breathing zone of the employee whose exposure is to be monitored. No pumping mechanism is required. The components of N0X diffuse at constant, known rates towards the sealed end of... 

Passive personal samplers for NO2 and NO are an efficient collection device for these toxic gases and are accurate to - 10% for determining individual employee exposures to NO2 and/or NO during an entire workshift. It is speculated that other toxic gases, such as SO2 or CO, could also be collected by passive samplers, given that suitable adsorbents or absorbents could be identified and incorporated into the system. 

Previous work has shown that the 3.3-5.5 /xm coal fraction has a particle size distribution similar to that of respirable mine dust collected on personal samplers during mining operations (13). This fraction was used for the spark-source analyses. The coals used in this investigation are identified in Table I. The respirable dusts were obtained from personal sampler filters submitted to the Dust Group, Pittsburgh Technical Support Center, Federal Bureau of Mines. The samples were collected during actual mining operations. 

The THEES conclusions indicated the importance of personal samplers. Results illustrated in Figure 3 show that estimates of the benzo[a]pyrene... 

Brouwer, D.H., Ravensberg, J.C., De Kort, W.L.A.M., Van Hemmen, J.J. (1994) A personal sampler for inhalable mixed-phase aerosols modification to an existing sample and validation test with three pesticides. Chemosphere 28, 1135-1146. 

EXPERIMENTAL The sampling and analytical method employed in determining the various solvent vapor concentrations in air are described in detail by White etal (A)and NIOSH (2), Four Bendix National Environmental Instruments Model BDX 30 Personal Samplers were used daily (one in each laboratory) with large size charcoal tubes (SKC cat no. 226-09-100) which contained two sections of activated charcoal per tube (a 400 milligram section followed by a 200 mg backup section to indicate when "breakthrough" of the main section has occurred). The sampling pumps were operated at a rate of one liter per minute and were calibrated by means of an Environmental Compliance Corporation Model 302 Universal Pump Calibrator (a device that generates a thin film of soap which is carefully timed as it traverses a very... 

The standard personal sampler operates at a flow rate of about 21 min-1 and newer models will sample at up to 41 min-1. Thus, in a two-hour period, 240 to 4801 or about 0.25 to 0.5 m3 can be collected. We have used a 0.25 m3 sample volume to estimate the detection limits for metals in air. The dissolution method in Section II. B. 1 should be modified for analysis of workplace samples use a 10 ml volumetric flask for the final volume, and additions of 0.2 ml of the ionization buffer and releasing agent solutions when required. 

Hill, R.H. and J.E. Arnold (1979). A personal sampler for pesticides. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 8, 621-628. 

Schnelle-Kreis, J., Orasche, J., Abbaszade, G., Schafer, K., Flarlos, D.P., Hansen, A.D.A., Zimmermann, R. Application of direct thermal desorption gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry for determination of non-polar organics in low-volume samples from ambient particulate matter and personal samplers. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 401, 3083-3094 (2011)... 

Breath Personal sampler (collection of an aliquot of air) analysis AAS of sample at 253.7 nm. (flameless) 1 ng/sample No data NIOSH 1984 (method 6000)... 

Bubble burette calibration of personal sampler pump. 

Demonstration of calibration of low flow rate personal sampler pumps to determine volume of pump stroke, types of pumps, and use of bubble burette for measuring flow rate. 

Airborne levels of total and respirable manganese were obtained using personal samplers and were not available for years prior to 1997. Using the arithmetic mean of samples collected in 12 different job categories, exposure was estimated for the years prior to 1997. Cumulative exposure values for each worker... 

Inhalation exposures to pesticides in the work area can be c.stimated from measuremcnt-s of concentrations of vapor, aerosol, or dust in environmental air (Ballantyne and Marrs, 2004). This can be done using passive samplers in the general work area or personal samplers in the employees breathing zone (Griffith and Duncan, 1992). However, in field situations in which pesticide samples are not of uniform size, and there may be moving variable concentrations in the air, the estimates may be misleading. 

Isocyanates are derivatised with tryptamine (27) and determined with a dual detection system based on fluorescence and amperometric oxidation Tryptamine and N-co-methyltryptamine (28) were found to be the most promising scavenging reagents for airborne organic isocyanates, before analysis by HPLC with reverse-phase columns and UV detection A personal sampler for airborne isocyanates in workplaces was developed based on 27. ... 

The NIOSH REL (10-hour TWA) for respirable coal mine dust is 1 mg/m, measured using a eoal mine personal sampler unit (CPSU) as defined in 30 CFR 74.2. The REL is equivalent to 0.9 mg/m measured according to the ISO/CEN/ACGIH (International Standards Organization/ Comite Europeen de Normalisation/American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) definition of respirable dust. The REL applies to respirable coal mine dust and respirable eoal dust in occupations other than mining. NIOSH recommends a separate REL for erystalline siliea. See NIOSH publication 95-106 (Criteria for a Recommended Standard -Occupational Exposure to Respirable Coal Mine Dust) for more detailed information. 

Fewer studies have evaluated this PM fraction as an indicator of occupational exposure. A study conducted in London in September 1996 measured concentrations of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) and PM2.5 using personal samplers (Pfeifer et al. 1999). Samples were collected over two consecutive 7-day periods in 10 taxi drivers. Mean concentrations of PM2.5 and TSP were 33.36 20.73 and 53.90 39.19 pgW, respectively. 

Lead in air levels is usually measured using samplers which are placed at strategic points in the workplace (static samplers) or which are worn by individual workers with the sampling head as close as possible to the individual s breathing zone (personal samplers). Static samplers are efficient at highlighting failures or efficiency losses in air extraction systems, whilst personal samplers give a more accurate reflection of the actual exposure of individual workers. In many countries, limits are set on the permissible levels of exposure, usually on the basis of personal samplers. 

Personal sampler with accessories (e.g., cyclone, Impactor) Mass Acceptable for exposure compliance no size fraction cut-off In nanometre size 0.02 mg/m sensitivity... 

Validation of those models uses a variety of databases, two of which were from exposure studies by Azar et al. (1975) and Williams et al. (1969). In both studies, exposure durations were assumed to be suffieient to result in pseudosteady-state BLLs. The Williams et al. study surveyed lead-acid batteiy factoiy woikers and included the use of personal samplers. Personal samplers were worn for 2 weeks, and daily BLLs were determined for each worker during the second week. Personal lead exposures varied between job categories and ranged from 9 to 218 pg/m. Mean BLLs varied between job categories and ranged from 27.2 to 74.2 pg/dL. 

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