Manganese respiration

Myers CR, KH Nealson (1990) Respiration-linked proton translocation coupled to anaerobic reduction of manganese(IV) and iron (III) in Shewanella putrefaciens. J Bacteriol 172 6232-6238. 

Ehrlich, H.L., Manganese oxide reduction as a form of anaerobic respiration, Geomicrobiol. J., 5, 423-429, 1987... 

The heat of adsorption of 2-nitropropane is very high, so carbon-containing respirators should not be used in high vapour concentrations. Also, if Hopcalite catalyst (co-precipitated copper(II) oxide and manganese (IV) oxide) is present in the respirator cartridge, ignition may occur. 

An oxidation catalyst containing cobalt, copper, manganese and silver species. It adsorbs nitroalkanes strongly, which may then ignite. Respirator cartridges containing it should not be used in high concentrations of nitroalkanes. 

Nealson KH, Saffarini D (1994) Iron and manganese in anaerobic respiration environmental significance, phylogeny, and regulation. Ann Rev Microbio 48 311-343 Nealson KH, Stahl DA (1997) Microorganisms and biogeochemical cycles what can we learn from layered microbial communities Rev Mineral 35 5-34... 

Nealson KH, Saffarini D. 1994. Iron and manganese in anaerobic respiration Environmental significance, physiology and regulation. Annu Rev Microbiol 48 311 3. 

In the anoxic zone, heterotrophic respiration of particulate Mn02 and Fc203 or FeOOH causes manganese and iron to be reduced to Mn (aq) and Fe (aq). As dissolved ions, these trace metals diffuse through the pore waters. The ions that diffuse upwards will reenter the oxic zone, where they react with O2 to reform the oxyhydroxides. This produces a metal-enriched layer that lies just above the redox... 

As lead in automotive emissions has been found largely in the fine particle fraction (22, 23), it is reasonable to expect a similar size distribution pattern for manganese from automotive sources. This would explain the strong association between MN and PB in the factor analyses reported here. This probably also explains the association of MN (TSP samples) with several factors at low loadings, rather than with a single factor as the TSP samples would include the mass of respirable as well as coarse manganese. When the concentration of the tracers in coarse particles (calculated as the differences in concentration between the TSP and RSP samples) were included with the RSP data for factor analysis, a factor on which 20% of the total variance (No. 5, Table I) was loaded was obtained. 

Loranger, S., and J. Zayed, Environmental Contamination and Human Exposure to Airborne Total and Respirable Manganese in Montreal, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 47, 983-989 (1997). 

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