Perkin-Elmer spectrometer

The morphology of the nanocomposites was studied with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM JEM-2000 EX-11 at 200 kV). Samples for TEM were prepared by standard procedures, including separation of the nanocomposite layer from the NaCl substrate in water and the film deposition onto a Cu grid for further derailed investigations. The metal content of the composites was calculated by atomic absorption analysis using a Perkin-Elmer 503 spectrometer. 

Spectrometer type and manufacturer Perkin-Elmer spectrometer 521... 

The techniques used in this stage of the work were all IR spectroscopy using a Perkin-Elmer spectrometer 599 and appropriate attachments. Conventional transmission through a sodium chloride cell of path length 0.1 mm, and multiple specular reflectance from aluminium films with a mirror finish were both used. 

Infrared-spectrometry (IR) was used for the investigation of substituent acetyl groups in the molecules of the polysaccharides. A Fourier transform IR Perkin-Elmer spectrometer, Model 1720-X, was used. The... 

Photoluminescence spectra were recorded with a Perkin-Elmer LS-55 spectrometer while the UV-vis absorption spectra were recorded with UV/VIS/NIR Perkin-Elmer spectrometer. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were obtained using a JOEL JEM 3010 instrument. Infrared spectra were recorded with a Bruker IFS-66v spectrometer. 

SIMS Analysis. The equipment and instrumental conditions have been described in detail (7.121. Mostly, a model 6300 Perkin Elmer spectrometer was used which was equipped with a 0-255 amu quadrupole mass analyzer. The primary beam of 4.5 keV Xe+ and 60 pA current was rastered in a 2x2 mm2 area. The total ion dose was not more than 3xl012 ions per cm2, which is considered a practical limit for static conditions (5rZ)- Charge neutralization was done by means of 500 eV electrons. Spectral optimization has been described (7.121. 

IR spectroscopy was applied for studies of pyridine adsorption and desorption. These studies were carried out in a vacuum system. Zeolites were pressed into wafers ( 10mg/cm2) which were placed in a vacuum cell. Pyridine was adsorbed and desorbed at 475K. Higher temperatures of desorption were also applied. The spectra were recorded on Perkin Elmer spectrometers (Model 580 or 225). 

The UV (Ultra-Violet)-visible spectroscopy experiments were carried out on a Perkin Elmer spectrometer UV-VIS-PIR Lambda 19. 

Raman spectra were recorded using a Perkin Elmer spectrometer Nd-YAG laser (1064.4 nm, 100 mW), dwell time = 120 s, number of scans = 20. 

The FTIR spectra have been taken on a 1760 Perkin-Elmer spectrometer, with the samples in self-supporting pellets pressed at 4 x 10 kg/cm in a cell allowing to run the spectra in controlled atmospheres at 90 K and at room temperature. 

The samples were characterized as to BET surface area, by using a Micromeritics apparatus. The TG and DTA curves were obtained under nitrogen atmosphere with a heating rate of 10°Cmin by using a TGA-7 and a DTA-2000 apparatus, respectively, both from Perkin-Elmer. The XRD patterns were obtained with a Phillips instrument, using Cu radiation. The infrared spectra were obtained in KBr pellets, in the 4000—400 cm range, using a Perkin-Elmer spectrometer. The UV—Vis studies were performed on a Bomem spectrophotometer. 

Fig. 3 Infrared spectrum of (A) poly(vinylene carbonate). This spectrum as a thin film was recorded using a ModeI-21 Perkin-Elmer spectrometer. Reprinted from N. D. Field and J. R. Schaefgen, J. Polym. Sci. 58, 533 (1962). Copyright 1962 by the Journal of Polymer Science. Reprinted by permission of the copyright owner.

FT-Raman spectra were carried out using Perkin-Elmer spectrometer equipped with Nd YAG laser source. Spectra were accumulated from 64 scans at a resolution of 4cm. An optical bench alignment was performed before each Raman measurements to ensure that e spectrometer was fine-tuned and the detector signal maximized. FT-IR spectra were recorded using Perkin-Elmer spectrometer equipped with diamante crystal for attenuated total reflection (ATR). The FT-IR or Raman spectra were smoothed and their baselines were corrected using the automatic smooth and the automatic baseline correct functions of the built-in software of the spectrophotometer. Then, the intensities of the interested peaks were measured. 

Chemical analysis was carried out on an ICP-AES Plasma 40 Perkin-Elmer spectrometer. 

Perkin, Sir William Henry, 290-291 Perkin-Elmer spectrometer, 552 permanganate test, 645 phase-transfer catalysis, 299, 385 phenols, 381... 

A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study was obtained by using Perkin-Elmer spectrometer 100, USA. Prior to this analysis, kenaf whiskers were mixed with KBr to prepare homogeneous suspensions and afterwards pressed into transparent pellets and analyzed in transmittance mode within the range of 4000-500 cm. In the case of thin nanocomposite film (Cellulose Acetate Butyrate [CAB] and kenaf whiskers) the analysis was done within the range of 4000-500 cm transmittance mode. 

Most analyses were performed at every stage of preparation. The silica films were analyzed using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Perkin-Elmer spectrometer. Spectra were recorded in specular reflexion mode in the spectral range 4000- 400 cm" (resolution 4 cm ). 

All kinetic measurements were performed using UV-vis spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer 2, 5 or 12 photo spectrometers) as described in Chapter 2. 

Measurements. Infra-red spectra for the region 600-4000 cm-1 were measured with a Perkin-Elmer Model 710B spectrometer on samples pressed in KBr pellets. Magnetic susceptibilities were measured with a vibrating sample magnetometer (Princeton Applied Physics) as previously described.(4)... 

XPS spectra were obtained using a Perkin-Elmer Physical Electronics (PHI) 555 electron spectrometer equipped with a double pass cylindrical mirror analyzer (CMA) and 04-500 dual anode x-ray source. The x-ray source used a combination magnesium-silicon anode, with collimation by a shotgun-type collimator (1.). AES/SAM spectra and photomicrographs were obtained with a Perkin-Elmer PHI 610 Scanning Auger Microprobe, which uses a single pass CMA with coaxial lanthanum hexaboride (LaBe) electron gun. 

Inject an aliquot of the sample solution into theLC/MS/MS system. An HP1050 HPLC system coupled to a Perkin-Elmer API III triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer has been found to be suitable for this analysis. 

Analytical Methods. A Schimadzu Liquid Chromatograph was used to monitor the reaction conversion and to assign chemical and chiral purity to the final product. Structures were verified by HNMR spectra obtained on a Bruker (Model UltraShield 400 spectrometer). Optical rotations were measured on a Perkin Elmer Model 341 Polarimeter. 

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