Fluorescence spectrometer, Perkin-Elmer

Fluorescence emission spectra were recorded with Perkin-Elmer LS Luminescence Spectrometer, whereas IR (transmission and ATR spectra) with Perkin-Elmer 1710 IR Fourier Transform Spectrometer. 

Fluorescence spectrometers are equivalent in their performance to singlebeam UV-visible spectrometers in that the spectra they produce are affected by solvent background and the optical characteristics of the instrument. These effects can be overcome by using software built into the Perkin-Elmer LS-5B instrument or by using application software for use with the Perkin-Elmer models 3700 and 7700 computers. 

All fluorescence intensity measurements described here were performed using a Perkin-Elmer LS-50B luminescence spectrometer. Some of the methods were adapted to much smaller volumes using 96-well plates and the Bio-Tek Synergy HT multiwell plate reader (equipped with KC-4 software) (Bio-Tek Instruments, Winoaski, Vermont, U.S.A.). 

Figure 10. Reaction chromatograms for A, Amstel river water and B, Amstel river water fortified with 3 ng of aldicarb (peak 1) 3 ng of methomyl (peak 2) 5 ng of propoxur (peak 3) 5 ng of carbaryl (peak 4) and 10 ng of methiocarb (peak 5). Conditions 150-mm X 4.6-mm i.d. column packed with Spherisorb ODS mobile phase of 50% water and 50% methanol (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min 60-mm X 4.6-mm i.d. reactor column packed with Aminex A-28 reaction temperature of 100 °C OF A reagent flow rate of 30 pL/min detection with Perkin-Elmer Model 204A fluorescence spectrometer excitation wavelength of 340 nm emission wavelength of 455 nm. (Reproduced with permission from reference 46. Copyright 1983 Elsevier Scientific Publishers.)...

Figure B3.6.1 Rayleigh and Raman bands in fluorescent spectra, as seen in scans for solvent baseline and hen egg white lysozyme (EWL) solutions (solid lines). Circles represent the spectrum of EWL with baseline subtracted. Parameters EWL A2ao = 0.05 Xex = 280 nm excitation and emission bandwidths, 2.5 nm scan rate, 100 nm/min five scans accumulated. Spectra were measured using a Perkin Elmer LS50B fluorescence spectrometer.

Phosphorescence spectra (uncorrected, front face) were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer LS-5 fluorescence spectrometer using a pulsed excitation source ( 10 ps) and gated detection. The instrument was controlled by a P-E 3600 data station. The samples were typically excited at 313 nm using the instrument s monochromator and an additional interference filter. Excitation and emission bandpasses were 2 nm. Typically the emission spectra were recorded using a 50 ps delay following excitation and a 20 ps gate. The samples were contained in cells made of 3x7 mm2 Suprasil tubing, under a continuous stream of N2, 02 or 02/N2 mixtures of known composition. 

Commercial spectrometers, such as the Perkin-Elmer MPF-43A fluorescence spectrometer, that allow interlocking of excitation and emission monochromators lately have become available for utilizing this underexploited analytical technique. The synchronous luminescence technique reduces the complexity of the luminescence spectrum of a compound compared with a conventionally obtained luminescence spectrum. One can, therefore, better tackle the analysis of fairly complex mixtures without resorting to techniques that are expensive or excessively time consuming. 

The 30-mm sediment slices of the segmented cylindrical cores obtained from box coring at the seven stations were dried, pulverized, and thoroughly mixed to yield a uniform sample for analysis. Sediment from each of these slices was analyzed by two independent methods. The first method used a Perkin-Elmer model 5000 atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA) for the elements Fe, Mn, Ti, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, Hg, and Cd (9). The second method utilized a Philips PW 1410 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for the analysis of elements Fe, Mn, Ti, Ca, K, P, Si, Al, Mg, Na, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, V, and Ba (10). The AA analysis was chosen because of the known accuracy and sensitivity to a wide spectrum of elements. The XRF analysis was chosen for its accuracy and similar nondestructive mode of analysis equivalent to the shipboard XRF analysis. Good agreement between the AA and the XRF values was felt to be imperative because the Philips XRF equipment was to be used in the land-based multielement analysis of the CS -collected sediment samples. 

A = absorbance I = relative emission intensity instrument = model LS Perkin Elmer luminescence spectrometer slits = 6 nm fluorescent material = CdTe quantum dots synthesised according to Ref. [66] (aqueous medium 1 6 v/v water dilution before measurements) wavelength for maximum absorption = 467 nm wavelength for maximum emission = 632 nm. 

Apparatus. Fluorescence measurements were performed with Cary Eclipse Mode spectrofluorometer (Varian, Australia). The FT-IR measurements were performed with a Perkin Elmer 1700FT-IR (Perkin Elmer, USA). All pH values were measured with a pHS-2 acidometer (The 2nd Instrument Factory of Shanghai, China). H NMR spectra were recorded in D20 on a Bruker - DKX - 300MHz spectrometer (Switzerland). 

Fluorescence spectra were obtained on an LS 50B fluorometry (Perkin-Elmer). The excitation wavelength of L- (or D-) tyrosine (Tyr), and D-, L- (or L-) tryptophan (Trp) is 275 and 278 nm, respectively. Absorption spectra were recorded on a UV-265 spectrometer (Shimadzu). Hematoporphyrin (HP) was purchased from Fluka Inc. L-(or D-) tyrosine, L-tryptophan were from the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry CAS. All amino acids were dissolved in distilled water and a few drops of 0.5mol/L HC1 were added to accelerate dissolution. All other reagents were AR. Doubly distilled water was used throughout. 

Details of the Rutherford Back Scattering technique as applied to polyethylene have been described elsewhere (3). The IRS measurements were carried out using a Perkin Elmer 621 infrared spectrometer. A KRS-5 reflection element with dimensions 50 mm X 2 mm was used with a 45° angle of incidence. Further details can be found elsewhere (I). Most of the atomic absorption measurements were performed by the Fairfield Testing Laboratory, Fairfield, NJ. The x-ray fluorescence measurements were carried out on a GE-XRD6 spectrometer. 

Steady-state fluorescence spectra were recorded ( ex = 347 nm) on a Perkin-Elmer model 650-10S fluorescence spectrometer. The absorbance of pyrene (10" M) in each solution was between 0.01 and 0.05 at the excitation wavelength. Fluorescence quantum yields were obtained by comparison with a quinine bisulfate... 

Spectra. A Perkin-Elmer Hitachi model 200 spectrophotometer was ised to record all ultraviolet spectra. The infrared spectra of the films were obtained using a Nicolet FTIR-T199. The transmission spectra of films were obtained from samples moistened in tetrachloroethylene (2) and mounted between NaCl plates. Attennuated total reflection (ATR) spectra were taken by placing the exposed side of the film in contact with a germanium crystal at a angle of incidence. Fluorescence from film surfaces were measured using a Perkin-Elmer MPF-i iiB fluorescence spectrometer. The excitation beam (3 0 nm, slit, i+nm) was incident on the film at and the emission (iiOO-500 nm) was measured at 90 to the excitation beam. 

The light-induced Fmax level of room-temperature chlorophyll fluorescence was recorded with a Perkin-Elmer LS-5 spectrometer using 620 nm excitation and analyzed using conventional and modified Stern-Volmer techniques as previously employed [7-10]. The Stern-Volmer relation, Jq/I = 1 + Ksv [Q]> describes the ratio of the chlorophyll fluorescence intensity in the absence of quencher (Iq) to the level in the presence of added quinone (I) as a function of the quinone concentration ([Q]). The y-intercept of 1 is indicative of complete accessibility of the added quinone to the site of action, while the Stern-Volmer quenching constant (Ksv) measures the effectiveness of the quinone as a fluorescence quencher once it has been transported to its site of action. A modified Stern-Volmer relation, I MI = 1/fa l/ fa-K sv [Q]), describes the fluorescence quenching (AI) when the added inhibitor has limited accessibility to the binding site. The fa parameter is the fraction of chlorophyll fluorescence that may be quenched by the added inhibitor. 

The Perkin Elmer LS-3B instrument is a fluorescence spectrometer with separate scarming monochromes for excitation and emission, and digital displays of both monochromator wavelengths and signal intensity. The LS-5B instrument is a rotating luminescence spectrometer with the capability of measuring fluorescence, phosphorescence, and bio-and chemiluminescence. Delay time (t ) and gate width (tj are variable via the keyboard in 10 ps intervals. The instrument collects excitation and emission spectra. 

UV stabilisers can be determined by direct analysis of polyolefins and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (i.e., without solvent extraction) using the Perkin Elmer model LS-50 luminescence spectrometer (L255-0105) fitted with a front surface accessory. The relation between fluorescence emission and stabiliser content was found to be linear over the range obtained for both natural and extruded polymer samples [23]. 

The ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) absorption and fluorescence spectra were measured with UV-VIS Lambda 20 Perkin-Elmer Spectrophotometer and LS-55 Perkin-Elmer fluorescence spectrometer, respectively. Both fluorescence quartz cuvettes a standard square 10 mm x 10 mm and a short path (p-cuvette) 1 mm x 10 mm, were used. The right angle fluorescence measurements geometry is shown in the Fig. 3. 

Perkin-Elmer Ltd Post Office Lane Beaconsfield Bucks HP91QA Ilk 4-21 Sennin-cho 2-chome Hachfoji Tokyo 193 Japan Jasco (UK) Ifl Oak Industrial Park Essex CM61XN UK Fluorescence, fluorescence accessories, UV-Vis-NIR Absorption, UV-Vis-NIR Accessories accessories, UV-Vis-NIR Absorption, UV-Vis-NIR Accessories, CD Spectrometers... 

A Perkin-Elmer 1600 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer was used for recording infrared spectra. UV spectra were obtained on a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 6 UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Corrected fluorescence spectra were obtained on a SPEX Fluorolog-2 fluorimeter with 3.5 nm bandpass... 

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