Percolation test

EN 14405 (2002) Characterization of waste - Leaching behavior test - Up-flow percolation test, CEN/TC292/WG6, European Committee for Standardization, Bmssels. 

This equation can be used to scale small-scale percolation tests to larger size. The preliminary tests are used to set the solvent composition, extraction temperature, and raw material grind size. The extraction time is varied by changing the flow rate of the solvent through the bed of raw material. Using these parameters, a small diameter pilot percolator is tested to determine the parameters in Equation 11.11. From these data, commercial percolator operation can be predicted. 

Actually basic characterization tests are developed as standards combining percolation test and pH static leach test. 

Percolation test or perc. test- Tests that a soil engineer performs on earth to determine the feasibility of installing a leech field type sewer system on a lot. A test to determine if the soil on a proposed building lot is capable of absorbing the liquid affluent from a septic system. 

ISO/DIS 21268-3 Soil quality - Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxological testing of soil and soil materials. Part 3 Up-flow percolation test. 

Percolation Test Test to determine the drainage capability of soil. 

Extraction and Separation of Alkaloids - The air-dried ground heart-wood (2.2 kg) was extracted by percolation at room temperature with alcohol USP until a negative alkaloid test of the percolate was observed. Removal of the solvent at reduced pressure and at 40° left 71 g of residue that exhibited antimicrobial activity. A 35 g sample of the alcohol-soluble residue was partitioned between 125 ml each of ether and 2Z citric acid In water. The ether layer was extracted twice more with 125 ml of 2% citric acid, filtered to remove some lnterfaclal solids (5.8 g alkaloid negative, no antimicrobial activity), dried (sodium sulfate), and evaporated to dryness, giving 8.6 g of ether solubles that had no antimicrobial activity. 

To conduct a borehole test, one simply drills a hole in the soil, fills the hole with water, and measures the rate at which water percolates into the borehole. 

Laboratory incubation tests under constant conditions (temperature, water content of the substrate with and without cultivation of crops) with or without periodical percolation of the mineralized N... 

Column studies employ the same general techniques as flask studies, except glass tubes are packed with aquifer matrix, and groundwater, with or without amendments, is percolated through the column. Sterile and nutrient-amended columns are used as controls. Leachate is tested to determine the rate and type of chemical change that occurs in the column. While column studies do not accurately reflect the actual subsurface environment, they do provide an indication of the likely effects of sorption and precipitation within the aquifer. 

One of the characteristics of weak flocculation is that the system is reversible. At low volume fractions the system will form some clusters and some single particles. The clusters can be easily disrupted by gentle shaking. As the concentration is increased the system will reach a percolation threshold . The number of nearest neighbours around any test particle reaches 3 at about (p — 0.25 and the attractive forces between... 

To determine the leaching of chemical constituents from SWMs/COMs under conditions of constant surface renewal, columns (2.5 cm in diameter, 25 cm long) filled with SWMs/COMs were leached with distilled water at three different flow rates. The column tests were used to simulate leaching of highway materials under conditions of subsurface percolation of rainwater. Effluent samples from the column were taken with time for up to 80 h. The filtered solutions were measured for TOC and/or individual compound concentrations, and for toxicity. 

The research on nanocarbons dispersed in polymer matrices in recent years has shown that this route is very efficient at small volume fractions above electrical percolation, where it can be the basis for new composite functionalities in terms of processing and properties. It is also clear that there is an inherent difficulty in dispersing these nanoscopic objects at high volume fractions, which therefore limits composite absolute properties to a very small fraction of those of the filler. Independent of their absolute properties, composites based on dispersed nanocarbons have served as a test ground to understand better the basic interaction between nanocarbons and polymer matrices, often setting the foundation to study more complex composite structures, such as those discussed in the following sections. 

Present leaching behaviour can be characterized, although the applicability of many leach tests with fly ash is doubtful. Special tests are often more appropriate. For example, Fig. 5 shows a simple packed bed, through which lea-chant percolates and which acts like a lysimeter leachate can be sampled periodically through the... 

Because the conductive filler is located into a single component of the blend, these materials show an onset in the electrical conductivity at very low filler loadings of 2-3%. These findings have been explained by a double percolation effect. The CNT filled blends show superior mechanical properties in the tensile tests and in impact tests (25). 

Material. The compounds whose film properties were investigated are listed in Table I. Benzene, methanol, 2-propanol, and hexane (Fisher certified reagent) were percolated through a combined Florisil-silica gel column to remove surface-active contaminants benzene was also tested for acidic contamination. 

In tills method a known copper deposit would be injected in several locations with a solution of dilute sulfuric acid, This acid would percolate through Ihe veins of the ore-bearing rock (usually copper oxidel. The copper would go into solution as copper sulfide and be pumped to the surface by way of several recovery wells. At the surface the copper would be plated onto cathodes (electrowinning process). It is proposed that the dilute solution, when free oF copper, could be returned and circulated up lo several limes. An automatic analytical system would maintain the required strength of the acid solution. Proponents elaim that the cost of Ihe system would be less per ton of copper produced and would increase miner safely. One factor that must he carefully tested is the possible percolation of acid solution into nearby groundwater. 

Table I. Percolation and Resistance Tests on Backing Materials Impregnated with...

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