TILLING method

Tills method works reasonably well for general smoothing. Use if no better smoothing methods arc available. 

Finally, there are other times when circumstances do not permit us to freely choose what we will use for calibration samples. If we are not able to dictate what samples will go into our training set, we often must resort to the Till method. TILI stands for "take it or leave it." The TILI method must be employed whenever the only calibration samples available are "samples of... 

In tills method a known copper deposit would be injected in several locations with a solution of dilute sulfuric acid, This acid would percolate through Ihe veins of the ore-bearing rock (usually copper oxidel. The copper would go into solution as copper sulfide and be pumped to the surface by way of several recovery wells. At the surface the copper would be plated onto cathodes (electrowinning process). It is proposed that the dilute solution, when free oF copper, could be returned and circulated up lo several limes. An automatic analytical system would maintain the required strength of the acid solution. Proponents elaim that the cost of Ihe system would be less per ton of copper produced and would increase miner safely. One factor that must he carefully tested is the possible percolation of acid solution into nearby groundwater. 

Shorter fallow periods store precipitation more efficiently for several reasons. First, water is stored more readily when soils are dry, early in fallow periods, than later in fallow periods when soils are wetter. Secondly, when plant residues are preserved with no-till methods, water infiltration is encouraged and runoff and evaporative losses are reduced as compared to tilled soils with less residue. Indeed, mechanical tillage within fallow periods practically assures soil water loss as soils dry out and warm up in the tilled zone. 

No-till methods, with more rapid replenishment of plant-available soil water, have paved the way for more intensified cropping, even to the point of eliminating summer fallow in some areas and some years. As a result, soil organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations are enhanced, especially near the soil surface (Sherrod et al, 2003). 

For the evaluation of gastroduodenal lesions, an overnight fast and the ingestion of water (200-400 ml) are useful. However, for the small bowel lesions, such preparations are not so advantageous for better visualization therefore, intestinal lesions, especially when they are small in size, are not easy to detect with transabdominal ultrasound. The retrograde water tilling method is effective for the assessment of colonic lesions, but it requires total clearance of colonic contents before the examination, which makes its routine use difficult. 

By the mechanism of incorporating carbon into the soil, no-till methods also reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide and thus potentially reduce global warming. Implementation of no-till methods on a world scale, an unlikely scenario, is estimated to be capable of absorbing 90% of global carbon emissions over the next few decades. By 2004 no-till methods were used on about 25% of US farmland, but Canada had already converted one-third of its cropland to no-till by 1991 (Montgomery, 2008)... 

J. E. Till and H. R. Meyer, eds.. Radiological Assessment, A Textbook on Environmental Dose Analysis, NUREG/CR-3332, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washiagton, D.C., 1983 Disposal of Radioactive Waste Review of S afety Assessment Methods, Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, 1991. 

The mrboexpanders frequently used in refrigeration proeesses develop power, but reeovery of tills power has often been of seeondary unportanee. A number of power absorption methods are direetly applieable to energy reeovery expanders. 

The resistance to flow method (K[ ), which has been employed by industry for years, has now been adopted by the ASME Code for rupture disc. Sizing is performed on a relief system basis and not by capacity of individual components. The key elements of tills metliod are ... 

Molecular structural analysis is a developing method. The objective of a molecuhu structural analysis is to demonstrate a physical, structural, or chemical similarity between tlie chemical in question and a known toxic chemical tliat produces toxic and healtli effects in experimental animals and/or humans. Unfortunately, scientists do not fully understand tlie effects of slight changes in tlie chemical structure and tlieir biological effect on humans. As a result, tills type of analysis is useful in preliminary studies to identify potential health hazards for further e. amination with more established metliods in short-tenii tests or tests in experimental animals, hi its present stage of development, molecular structural analysis caiuiot be used to make absolute decisions about tlie appropriate levels of exposure of humans to chemicals... 

When we have been faced with a problem of effecting a chemical synthesis we have sought known methods. We have not paused to think why we do not invent a new method every time. If we adopt this philosophy we are going to be extremely busy till the end of the century (a) trying to equal the enzymes, and (b) thinking of new ways of synthesis. ... 

Methode (4 ) EineLosimg von 0,05 Mol Harnstoff in 100ml abs. Toluol wird unter Riihren zu einer Auf-schlammung von 0,05 Mol Lithiumaianat in 100 ml Dibutylather gegeben. Man kocht 5 Stdn. unter RiickfluB. Die Aufarbeitung geschieht nach Methode (Till, a. werden auf diese Weise erhaiten ... 

Oxime carbamates are generally applied either directly to the tilled soil or sprayed on crops. One of the advantages of oxime carbamates is their short persistence on plants. They are readily degraded into their metabolites shortly after application. However, some of these metabolites have insecticidal properties even more potent than those of the parent compound. For example, the oxidative product of aldicarb is aldicarb sulfoxide, which is observed to be 10-20 times more active as a cholinesterase inhibitor than aldicarb. Other oxime carbamates (e.g., methomyl) have degradates which show no insecticidal activity, have low to negligible ecotoxicity and mammalian toxicity relative to the parent, and are normally nondetectable in crops. Therefore, the residue definition may include the parent oxime carbamate (e.g., methomyl) or parent and metabolites (e.g., aldicarb and its sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites). The tolerance or maximum residue limit (MRL) of pesticides on any food commodity is based on the highest residue concentration detected on mature crops at harvest or the LOQ of the method submitted for enforcement purposes if no detectable residues are found. For example, the tolerances of methomyl in US food commodities range from 0.1 to 6 mg kg for food items and up to 40 mg kg for feed items. ... 

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