Perceptual reversal

Number of Pulses of rTMS Affects the Inter-reversal Time of Perceptual Reversal... 

Keywords— rTMS, perceptual reversal, superior parietal lobule. 

Fig. 1 Time sequence of this experiment. Subjects were required to respond by clicking a mouse button to indicate the perceptual reversal in the direction of rotation. The time interval between two successive perceptual reversals was automatically recorded as the IRT...

TMS were randomized across subjects. 11 subjects (aged 21-44 years) participated in aU the tests of the present study. All were right handed, and had normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity. All the subjects participated in practice trials before the experiment in order to familiarize themselves with the perceptual reversal of the spinning wheel illusion and to learn to make efficient responses. Before starting this experiment, all subjects were introduced to the aim of this study, the procedures, hazards of TMS and the management of the data. All subjects consented to participate in this experiment. 

When rTMS was applied over the right SPL, we confirmed that the IRT of perceptual reversal was influenced. On the other hand, when rTMS was applied over the right PTL, there were no significant differences. Therefore, it was found that the right SPL is related to the perceptual reversal. This result is corrected to the previous study [5] [6] [12],... 

S. Ge, S. Ueno, and K. Iramina The rTMS Effects on Perceptual Reversal of Ambiguous Figures , Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, pp.4743A746,2007. 

K. Nojima, S Ge, Y. Katayama, S. Ueno and K. Iramina Effect of the stimulus frequency and pulse number of rTMS on the interreversal time of perceptual reversal on the right SPL , Journal of Applied Physics, 107,9, pp.1-3,2010. 

The main disturbance in inhalant intoxication delirium is a reversible decrease in the level of consciousness and awareness of the environment, which includes an inability to focus, sustain, or shift attention. The intoxicated person is confused and easily distracted by irrelevant stimuli and difficult to engage in a meaningful conversation. He or she may also exhibit prominent disorientation, short- and long-term memory deficits, language disturbances, and perceptual disturbances that may include illusions and hallucinations. Other prominent features associated with inhalant intoxication delirium are... 

Sleep disorders are common. Approximately 50% of adults will report a sleep complaint over the course of their lives.2 In general, sleep disturbances increase with age, and each disorder may have gender differences. The full extent and impact of disordered sleep on our society are not known because many patients sleep disorders remain undiagnosed. Normal sleep, by definition, is a reversible behavioral state of perceptual disengagement from... 

If, as evidence indicates, our passage from infancy to adulthood is accompanied by an organization of the perceptual and cognitive world that has as its price the selection of some stimuli to the exclusion of others, it is quite possible that a technique could be found to reverse or undo, temporarily, the automatization that has restricted our communication with reality to the active perception of only a small segment of it, Such a process of de-automatization might then be followed by an awareness of aspects of reality that were formerly unavailable to us. 

Paradoxical behaviour effects (see above) and perceptual disorders, e.g. hallucinations, occur occasionally. Headache, giddiness, alimentary tract upset, skin rashes and reduced libido can occur. Extrapyramidal reactions, reversible by flumazenil, are rare. 

Dehydroepiandrosterone has demonstrated efficacy in the improvement of mood, interest, confidence, and anxiety levels in various populations. In a recent clinical trial, it has been reported to be useful in the treatment of negative, depressive, and anxiety symptoms of schizophrenia,and in another trial, DHEA and its metabolites produced a positive effect overall on recognition memory in postmenopausal women. In fact, estrogen metabolites of DHEA had produced a positive effect on recognition memory, while androgen metabolites produced a negative effect. This pattern reversed in perceptual identification. ... 

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