Percarbonic acid

Noie According to Mellor (Ref 2, p 86), A. Bach claimed that percarbonic acid can exist in cold ethereal so In. When such a so In was treated with an ale KOH soln, a bluish-white ppt of K per-carbonate was formed. Of the percarbonates, the K salt is the easiest to prepare and is available commercially (see below)... 

The potassium salt is precipitated as a blue powder. It has not been possible to isolate other salts and free percarbonic acid. The experiments of Saber,1 however, indicate that the free acid may occur perhaps intermediately. He proved the presence of active oxygen in a solution of potassium bicarbonate through which was passed a continuous current of carbonic-acid gas. 

Unsaturated fatty alcohols can also be epoxidized by lipase-catalyzed perhydrol-ysis (16). Interestingly, the outcome of the reaction depends on the ester applied for peroxy acid generation (Fig. 5). Fatty acid esters such as butyric acid ethylester react to epoxyalkanolacylates in a three-step one-pot reaction. Carbonic acid esters such as diethyl carbonate also form peroxy acids (percarbonic acid derivatives) and epox-idize the unsaturated alcohol however, in a water-containing environment, they are obviously not stable enough to esterify the hydroxyl group. Thus, the end product is the epoxy alcohol. 

It should be noted that the syndiotactic 1,2-PB epoxidation by the sodium hypochlorite and percarbonic acid salts carried out in the alkaline enables to prevent the disclosure reactions of the epoxy groups and a gelation process of the reaction mass observed at polydiene epoxidation by aliphatic peracids [31, 32], The functionalization degree of 1,2-PB in the reactions with the stated epoxidizing agents (a <16%, Table 3.1) is determined by the content of inner double bonds in the polymer. 

R can be a variety of stmctures. Z is a leaving group and typically the conjugate base of a weak acid whose piC can range from 5 to 20 (86). The hydrogen peroxide is typically incorporated into the bath by a dding a soHd source of peroxide such as sodium percarbonate or the mono- or tetrahydrate of sodium perborate (86). 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Diisopropyl percarbonate Diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate Isopropyl peroxydicarbonate Peroxydicarbonic acid, bis (1-methylethyl) ester Peroxydicarbonic acid, diisopropyl ester Chemical Formula C3H7OOCOOCOOC3H7. 

Perammons. See under Parammons in this Vol Percarbonates. Salts of the hypothetical per-carbonic acid, H2C206, contg the CjO radical, some of which are expl. Guided by analogy with persulfates, Constant and von Hansen (Refs 1 ... 

A percarbonate possesses, according to Daniel (Ref 1), some expl properties because it can be detonated if a sufficiently powerful detonator is used. According to Mellor (Ref 2, p 86), a violent reaction took place when a soln of 0.5g of solid phosphoric acid, some ether, and a few drops of w were added to 2g of K percarbonate. It was used by Turpin in Fr in expl mixts, ie, Pyrodialytes (qv) (Ref 1)... 

Dimethyl peroxide Diethyl peroxide Di-t-butyl-di-peroxyphthalate Difuroyl peroxide Dibenzoyl peroxide Dimeric ethylidene peroxide Dimeric acetone peroxide Dimeric cyclohexanone peroxide Diozonide of phorone Dimethyl ketone peroxide Ethyl hydroperoxide Ethylene ozonide Hydroxymethyl methyl peroxide Hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide 1-Hydroxyethyl ethyl peroxide 1 -Hydroperoxy-1 -acetoxycyclodecan-6-one Isopropyl percarbonate Isopropyl hydroperoxide Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide Methyl hydroperoxide Methyl ethyl peroxide Monoperoxy succinic acid Nonanoyl peroxide (75% hydrocarbon solution) 1-Naphthoyl peroxide Oxalic acid ester of t-butyl hydroperoxide Ozonide of maleic anhydride Phenylhydrazone hydroperoxide Polymeric butadiene peroxide Polymeric isoprene peroxide Polymeric dimethylbutadiene peroxide Polymeric peroxides of methacrylic acid esters and styrene... 

Azolides used as activators for sodium percarbonate/perborate in laundry bleaching,1261-1291 for decreasing the affinity of polyamide textile materials for acid dyes,1301 and as antiflammatory agents 1311... 

The influence of substituents on the rates of degradation of arylazo reactive dyes based on H acid, caused by the action of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution and on cellulose, has been investigated [43]. The results suggested that the oxidative mechanism involves attack of the dissociated form of the o-hydroxyazo grouping by the perhydroxyl radical ion [ OOH]. The mechanism of oxidation of sulphonated amino- and hydroxyarylazo dyes in sodium percarbonate solution at pH 10.6 and various temperatures has also been examined. The initial rate and apparent activation energy of these reactions were determined. The ketohydrazone form of such dyes is more susceptible to attack than the hydroxyazo tautomer [44]. 

Nitrites, inorganic Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Oxygen Peracetic acid Perchloric acid solutions Potassium bromate Potassium chlorate Potassium dichloro-s-triazinetrione (potassium dichloroisocyanurate) Potassium dichromate Potassium percarbonate Potassium perchlorate Potassium permanganate Potassium peroxide Potassium persulfate Potassium superoxide n-Propyl nitrate... 

Sodium perborate monohydrate Sodium perborate tetrahydrate Sodium percarbonate Sodium perchlorate Sodium perchlorate monohydrate Sodium permanganate Sodium peroxide Sodium persulfate Strontium chlorate Strontium perchlorate Strontium peroxide Tetranitromethane Thallium chlorate Trichloro-s-triazinetrione (trichloroisocyanuric) (acid all forms)... 

The synthesis of 1,3,5,7-tetranitroadamantane (104) from 1,3,5,7-tetraaminoadamantane (103) has been improved upon by the use of dimethyldioxirane (91 %), and also, by using a mixture of sodium percarbonate and A,A,iV, iV -tetraacetylethylenediamine in a biphasic solvent system, followed by treating the crude product with ozone (91 %) the latter involving the in situ generation of peroxyacetic acid. 

Laundry powders in Europe use sodium percarbonate and a bleach activator, tetraacetylethylenediamine ( ED), to form peracetic acid in the washing machine that then reacts with bleachable stains such as tea, red wine, coffee, and curry to remove /bleach them from cloth. Transition metal ions, in particular copper, cause first decomposition of peracetic add before it can bleach stains and second react with peroxide to form highly readive hydroxyl radicals that can cause dye and fabric damage [32]. Chelants bind with copper and other metals to prevent these unwanted side readions. 

Adamantanol, the C—H insertion product is formed in a very small amount. 4-Oxahomoadamantane was isolated in a similar good yield (84%) when oxygenation was carried out with sodium percarbonate-triflic acid.210 Two isomeric oxaho-modiamantanes (C—C insertion) and bridgehead diamantanols (C—H insertion) are produced from diamantane.209... 

The formation of peracids as the effective oxidizing species has often been proposed for oxidations with sodium percarbonate in the presence of organic acids or acid anhydrides30-32. It was observed that at room temperature and in dichloromethane as solvent, the addition of acetic anhydride induced the epoxidation by sodium perborate of mono-, di- and trisubstituted alkenes, including a,/i-unsaturated ketones in a slightly exothermic reaction33 (equation 6). 

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