Ethyl peroxide

Absolute diethyl ether. The chief impurities in commercial ether (sp. gr. 0- 720) are water, ethyl alcohol, and, in samples which have been exposed to the air and light for some time, ethyl peroxide. The presence of peroxides may be detected either by the liberation of iodine (brown colouration or blue colouration with starch solution) when a small sample is shaken with an equal volume of 2 per cent, potassium iodide solution and a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid, or by carrying out the perchromio acid test of inorganic analysis with potassium dichromate solution acidified with dilute sulphuric acid. The peroxides may be removed by shaking with a concentrated solution of a ferrous salt, say, 6-10 g. of ferrous salt (s 10-20 ml. of the prepared concentrated solution) to 1 litre of ether. The concentrated solution of ferrous salt is prepared either from 60 g. of crystallised ferrous sulphate, 6 ml. of concentrated sulphuric acid and 110 ml. of water or from 100 g. of crystallised ferrous chloride, 42 ml. of concentrated hydiochloric acid and 85 ml. of water. Peroxides may also be removed by shaking with an aqueous solution of sodium sulphite (for the removal with stannous chloride, see Section VI,12). 

Safety. Since organic peroxides can be initiated by heat, mechanical shock, friction or contamination, an enormous problem in safety presents itself. Numerous examples of this problem have already been shown in this article. Additional examples include the foilowing methyl and ethyl hydroperoxides expld violently on heating or jarring, and their Ba salts also are extremely expl the alkylidene peroxides derived from low mw aldehydes and ketones are very sensitive and expld with considerable force polymeric peroxides of dimethyl ketene, -K>-0-C(CH3)2C(0)j-n, expld in the dry state by rubbing even at —80° peroxy acids, especially those of low mw, and diacetyl, dimethyl, dipropkmyl and methyl ethyl peroxides, when pure, must be handled only in small amts and... 

Dimethyl peroxide Diethyl peroxide Di-t-butyl-di-peroxyphthalate Difuroyl peroxide Dibenzoyl peroxide Dimeric ethylidene peroxide Dimeric acetone peroxide Dimeric cyclohexanone peroxide Diozonide of phorone Dimethyl ketone peroxide Ethyl hydroperoxide Ethylene ozonide Hydroxymethyl methyl peroxide Hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide 1-Hydroxyethyl ethyl peroxide 1 -Hydroperoxy-1 -acetoxycyclodecan-6-one Isopropyl percarbonate Isopropyl hydroperoxide Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide Methyl hydroperoxide Methyl ethyl peroxide Monoperoxy succinic acid Nonanoyl peroxide (75% hydrocarbon solution) 1-Naphthoyl peroxide Oxalic acid ester of t-butyl hydroperoxide Ozonide of maleic anhydride Phenylhydrazone hydroperoxide Polymeric butadiene peroxide Polymeric isoprene peroxide Polymeric dimethylbutadiene peroxide Polymeric peroxides of methacrylic acid esters and styrene... 

Exposure of 93 to dry oxygen furnished the corresponding ethyl peroxide complex, which is highly active for the expoxidation of enones, and crystallizes dimeric with bridging Zn-O bonds.153... 

The gas phase enthalpies of reaction 6 for the variously unsaturated peroxides are also consistent, with one exception. The values are ieri-butyl cumyl peroxide, —288.5 kJmol [l,4-phenylenebis(l-methylethylidene)]bis[(l,l-dimethylethyl) peroxide" (normalized for two peroxy groups), —287.1 kJmol 1,1-dimethylethyl-l-methyl-l-[4-(l-methylethyl)phenyl]ethyl peroxide, —276.6 kJmol and 2-tert-butylperoxy-2-methylhex-5-en-3-yne, —305.8 kJmor. The last species named also has a disparate liquid phase enthalpy of reaction, —344.9 kJ mol . The only solid phase reaction enthalpy, for [l,4-phenylenebis(l-methylethylidene)]bis[(l,l-dimethylethyl) peroxide (normalized for two peroxy groups), is —357.2 kJmol . 

Compound included in the TSCATS database of EPA. Additional organic peroxides in the EPA database not listed in the present table are acetyl peroxide [110-22-5], ethyl peroxide [628-37-5], 1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide [3071-32-7], r-amyl hydroperoxide [3425-61-4] and chlorofiuoroaceiyl peroxide [139702-33-3],... 

Hydroxyethyl Ethyl Peroxide Detonates on heating A. Rieche, Ber 63, 2642 (1930)... 

Ethyl Peroxide. See Diethyl Peroxide in Vol5 of Encycl p D1246-R... 

Ethyl Peroxide of Berthelot. See Ethyl Ozon-ide or Tetraethyl Ozonide... 

Ethyl Peroxide, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Ozone. — On vigorously shaking 10 cc. of ether with 1 cc. of 1 10 aqueous potassium iodide solution in a completely filled glass-stoppered bottle, neither the ether nor the potassium iodide solution should acquire a color after standing one hour in the dark. 

Effect of Peroxides. In addition to benzoyl peroxide, lauryl-, acetyl-, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-, and methyl ethyl peroxide, and tert-hvXy hydroperoxide were studied and gave satisfactory results. The effectiveness of the peroxide is relatively independent of the half-life of the peroxide (Table X). By contrast, the catalyst AIBN is much less satisfactory, as found for methylvinylpyridine and acrylonitrile. The difference between these peroxides and AIBN suggests that the AFR polymer is not formed by a simple uncatalyzed free radical system which would give a graft polymer or a simple mixture of polypropylene and polyacrylate. It is well known that for the polymerization of acrylates AIBN is at least as good if not better than peroxide in initiating the free radical reaction (2). 

The system is standardized in the absence of cells with known amounts of peroxide either generated as H202 or from glucose in the medium and glucose oxidase or added directly as ethyl peroxide. The relationship between fluorescence intensity of 2 pM scopoletin and peroxide concentration is shown in Fig. 3.13. 

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