Peracids salts

Detection reagents 1 and 2 (Amersham) Detection reagent 1 contains a peracid salt as the enzyme substrate. Detection reagent 2 contains luminol and an optimized enhancer molecule. An equal volume of each of these reagents should be mixed. The final volume required for ECL detection is 0.125 rdUcrcP- of membrane. The detection reagents are stable for at least 3 mo when stored separately at 2-8°C. 

The peracid salt may be used as a general purpose disinfectant, disinfectant for hospitals, food industry and institutions. It is compatible with many nonionic, cationic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants. Recommended use concentrations for the treatment of surfaces according to tests with Enterococcus faecium. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus,. Proteus mirabilis, Candida albicans (source LONZA) 0.5% (60min) for clean surfaces, 1.0% (60 min) for dirty surfaces... 

Most frequently the polymerization process is initiated by free radicals obtained through the decomposition of hydroperoxides, alkyl peroxides, dialkyl peroxides, acyl peroxides, carboxylic ester peracids, salts of (tetraoxo)sulphuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, aliphatic azo compounds and bifunctional azobenzoin initiators. The rate of decomposition of different initiators into free radicals depends on their stmcture and on temperature. A measure of the efficiency of the initiator in the pol5mierization process is the half-decomposition period. 

Another method of preparing mercuric acetate is the oxidation of mercury metal using peracetic acid dissolved in acetic acid. Careful control of the temperature is extremely important because the reaction is quite exothermic. A preferred procedure is the addition of approximately half to two-thirds of the required total of peracetic acid solution to a dispersion of mercury metal in acetic acid to obtain the mercurous salt, followed by addition of the remainder of the peracetic acid to form the mercuric salt. The exothermic reaction is carried to completion by heating slowly and cautiously to reflux. This also serves to decompose excess peracid. It is possible and perhaps more economical to use 50% hydrogen peroxide instead of peracetic acid, but the reaction does not go quite as smoothly. 

Reactive halogen compounds, alkyl haUdes, and activated alkenes give quaternary pyridinium salts, such as (12). Oxidation with peracids gives pyridine Akoxides, such as pyridine AJ-oxide itself [694-59-7] (13), which are useful for further synthetic transformations (11). 

Two sohd organic peracids have been utilized ia textile bleaching products. Diperoxydodecanedioic acid, (16), [66280-55-5] a hydrotropic peracid, and the magnesium salt [78948-87-5] of monoperoxyphthaUc acid, (17), [2311-91-3] a hydrophilic peracid, were contained in bleaching products for a short period of time (142). 

Inorganic peracids and their salts (common examples which are particularly hazardous)... 

Use of the imonium group for protection of enones was explored. Stability to peracids, lead tetraacetate, bromine, and acetic anhydride was claimed (727). The usual resistance of enamines (but not their salts) to additions of Grignard reagents was used for selective addition to a 3,17-diketosteroid by formation of the usual 3-monoenamine 728). 

Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines on reaction with peracids undergo either extensive decomposition or biomimetic oxidation to A-alkylpyridinum salts (98JOC10001). However, A-methoxycarbonyl derivatives of 1,4- and 1,2-dihydro-pyridines (74) and (8a) react with m-CPBA to give the methyl tmns-2- 2>-chlorobenzoyloxy)-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-l-carboxylate (75) and methyl rran.s-2-(3-chlorobenzoyloxy)-3-hydroxy-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-l-carboxylate (76) in 65% and 66% yield, respectively (nonbiomimetic oxidation). The reaction is related to the interaction of peracids with enol ethers and involves the initial formation of an aminoepoxide, which is opened in situ by m-chlorobenzoic acid regio- and stereoselectively (57JA3234, 93JA7593). 

The workup for such reactions involves neutralization and concomitant generation of salts such as NaCl, Na2S04, and (NH4)2S04. The ehmination of such waste streams and a reduction in the dependence on the use of hazardous chemicals, such as phosgene, dimethyl sulfate, peracids, sodium azide, halogens, and HF, are primary goals in green chemistry. 

Oxaziranes are in a real sense active oxygen compounds and exhibit many reactions grossly analogous to those of organic peroxides. Thus they undergo one electron transfer reaction with ferrous salts and on pyrolysis they are converted to amides. Oxaziranes are also useful synthetic intermediates since in appropriate cases they may be isomerized to aromatic nitrones which are a convenient source of N-alkylhydroxylamines. The reaction of oxaziranes with peracids also provides a source of nitrosoal-kanes and is in many instances the method of choice for preparation of these compounds. ... 

In 1976, the synthesis of oxaziridininm salt 66 was reported by Lusinchi and coworkers (Fig. 23) [128-130]. Salt 66 was obtained by either methylation of the corresponding oxaziridine with FSO Me or oxidation of the corresponding iminium salt with peracid. Subsequently, Hanquet and coworkers prepared oxaziridininm salt 67 by methylation of the corresponding oxaziridine with Meerwein s salt (MejO BF ") or oxidation of the A -methyl isoquinoUnium fluoroborate salt with peracid [131, 132],... 

Nonstereospecific aerobic epoxidations of alkenes in the presence of aldehydes catalyzed by nickel(II),298 iron(in),299 and cobalt(II)300 complexes, and clay-supported nickel acetylacetonate301,302 have been reported. A radical mechanism has been postulated. The involvement of active copper species and peracids were suggested in a similar reaction catalyzed by copper salts.303... 

Dithiins react readily at sulfur with peracids, alkyl halides and hydroxylamine 0-sulfonic acid to give sulfoxides, thiinium salts and sulfilimines, respectively. Similar reactions are known for... 

Imines and iminiums salts are oxidized by peracids into oxazidines and oxaziridinium ions, which are good reagents for oxidation of sulfides. The imine or iminium salt can, in principle,... 

As peracids react very sluggishly with alcohols, it was apparent that the presence of a nitroxide was playing an important role in the oxidation of the alcohol into a ketone. This seminal serendipitous observation led to the development of the first description of the oxidation of alcohols mediated by catalytic 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-l-oxyl (TEMPO) (55), published almost simultaneously by Celia et al and Ganem.3 These authors presented two papers with remarkably similar contents, in which alcohols were oxidized by treatment with MCPBA in CH2CI2 at room temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of TEMPO (55). In both papers, a plausible mechanism is presented, whereby m-chloroperbenzoic acid oxidizes TEMPO (55) to an oxoammonium salt 56. This oxoammonium salt 56, as detailed in Ganem s paper, can react with the alcohol producing an intermediate 57, which can deliver a carbonyl compound by a Cope-like elimination. 

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