People of color

Consider, as an example, the logic of a policy decision to build and locate an electric generating plant or oil refinery. Economic considerations such as the availability of ample and inexpensive land, and social considerations such as zoning regulations and political influence, would play a major role m such a decision. In practice, this makes it more likely that plants and refineries, as well as waste sites and other locally undesirable land uses, will be located in poorer communities whose population is often largely people of color. 

Dark skin is a commonly used phrase to describe people of color. Other terms used to describe darker skin types include ethnic skin, brown skin, and pigmented skin. The unifying feature represented is pigmented skin (i.e., shades of tan, olive, brown, and black). Such individuals are often classified as Fitzpatrick s skin types IV through VI. These individuals represent many of the faces of North America, South America, Africa, the Caribbean, Asia, Malaysia, and Australia. 

As heirs to prime New Orleans real estate, a number of free African Americans became quite wealthy before the Civil War. Norbert Rillieux s cousins included members of some of New Orleans richest families. A few of his cousins were so confident of their social status and their ability to pass as white that they signed their names without the required term free man of color, or f.m.c. Many free people of color also invested heavily in slaves. When Norbert Rillieux was in his twenties, more than 700 of New Orleans free African Americans owned an average of three slaves apiece, often family members who were eventually freed. Each of the 23 richest free people of color in New Orleans owned between 10 and 20 slaves. 

Traveling around the state installing his machinery, Rillieux had to stay on slave-operated plantations. Like many free people of color, Rillieux may have regarded himself as the equal of the white ruling class, far above dark-skinned slaves. But in the antebellum South, Rillieux could not stay in the plantations mansions. Rumor had it that he stayed in slave quarters, but a firsthand observer reported that on Benjamin s plantation Rillieux was given a special house and slaves to serve him. 

Pharmacogenomics may be beneficial to people of color because of their high rates of morbidity and mortality from certain cancers, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, asthma, HIV /AIDS, Alzheimer disease, clinical depression, and other diseases. Thus more effective therapies help those individuals most in need of treatment. 

One Cohort IV interviewee asserted The ACS meetings are just so huge that I don t find them useful. There aren t many people in my field who speak at those meetings... I find the organization kind of paternalistic towards African Americans and people of color in general. ... 

Today the state and federal drug war is disproportionately focused on the poor and people of color. As speakers at a 2002 civil rights conference lamented, Our criminal laws, while facially neutral, are enforced in a manner that is massively and pervasively biased. The injustices of the criminal justice system threaten to render irrelevant fifty years of hard-fought civil rights progress. Nowhere is this truer than in the drug war. As noted by Human Rights Watch ... 

People of Color Environmental Groups Directory 2000. Flint, Mich. ... 

But before I do, I want to roll the clock back to 1971 when I first joined the company. I think that it will come as no surprise that our R D workforce at that time was a monoculture, comprised largely of white males. Particularly in regards to Ph.D. employees, I saw very few women or people of color. Unfortunately, we heard from the speakers yesterday that this is still an accurate cultural description for departments of chemistry in most of the academic institutions in our country. What is my point It is that academe should take comfort in the fact that we had the same problem, namely lack of diversity, but we proactively and successfully addressed it. In other words, there are solutions, and I believe they can be successfully modeled. We have made great strides, as I will demonstrate, and we are quite proud of our accomplishments. Can we do more Absolutely, and we will do more by recognizing that our work here is not done, but needs constant focus and attention. 

Because some lasers can temporarily or permanently discolor the skin, a dark-skinned patient should make sure that his surgeon has successfully performed laser procedures on people of color. 

As the 1980s evolved, environmental justice groups developed in many different racial and ethnic communities African-Americans, Hispanics, Asian-Pacific groups, and the indigenous people of North America. By 1991, the EJ movement had a clear national identify and philosophy, expressed in the Principles of Environmental Justice adopted at the First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit in Washington, DC, which was attended by more than a thousand community activists. 

The Office of Environmental Justice serves as a focal point for ensuring that communities comprised predominately of people of color or low-income populations receive protection under environmental laws. 

As such, this transformation demands reflection not only upon the effects it may hold for African Americans and the repositioning it portends for other people of color in the United States hut also upon the dissemination of a racist culture fundamental to the legacies of Western modernity and the deeply uneven emergence of global civil society. 

Multiracial people experience a squeeze of oppression as people of color and by people of color. People of color who have internalized the vehicle of oppression in turn apply rigid rules of belonging or establishing legitimate membership. The internalization of either/or systems of thinking operates even between communities of color, such as Asian American and African American. (Root 1992b, 5)... 

Such a reading is supported by Stephens s earlier claim that many people of color seem terrified of a world without a European/white other against which to define themselves. It seems supported by the following statement as well ... 

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