Ruling class

As alluded to earlier, there are no closed form expressions either for the total number of clas.ses or rules within a given class. It is generally true, however, that for a given radius-r rule, classes both increase in number and decrease in size as the order N of the LST increases for fixed order, on the other hand, the number and size of cltLSses increases with radius. 

We might mention here in passing that while class-1, class-3 and class-4 (but not class-2) can all be obtained from one another with these two simple rules, class-2 behavior can only be obtained if the system is first quenched [vich86b]. That is, if the lattice is initially randomly populated with AND and XOR rules according to the prescribed value of p and is then frozen for all later times. Such quenched random rules harbor some interesting properties of their own in dimensions d > 1, and are the basis of much of Kauffman s findings on random Boolean networks (see section 8.6). 

Takesue [takes89] has looked for local conservation laws holding true for all blocks B < 6 sites long. He finds that, for 5 < 4, 44 of the 88 ERCA equivalence rule classes possess a local conservation laws. Observing that no additional rules supporting local conservation laws appear if site blocks of sizes 5 and 6 are examined, Takesue conjectures [takes89] (but does not prove) that there exists a threshold size... 

An agent s default personality may be augmented by a set of meta-rules that tell it how to alter its default personality according to various environmental conditions and contexts. The three simplest meta-rule classes define the local conditions under... 

Other meta-rule classes include retreat, pursuit, support and hold position. A global rule set determines combat attrition, commimicatioii, reconstitution, and reinforcement,... 

Traveling around the state installing his machinery, Rillieux had to stay on slave-operated plantations. Like many free people of color, Rillieux may have regarded himself as the equal of the white ruling class, far above dark-skinned slaves. But in the antebellum South, Rillieux could not stay in the plantations mansions. Rumor had it that he stayed in slave quarters, but a firsthand observer reported that on Benjamin s plantation Rillieux was given a special house and slaves to serve him. 

But serfs, peasants, and even free tradespersons were no match for the heavily equipped noble who had been trained in arms since early childhood. Thus in 1381, when these classes revolted against the English ruling class, some carried only sticks, some swords covered with rust, some merely axes and others bows more reddened with age and smoke than old ivory, many of their arrows had only one plume. The leaders of the rebellion were tricked and the followers soon routed. 

Under European rule in Spanish Manila (from 1571), Dutch Batavia (1619), Melaka (1640), Makasar (1669) and other such ports, and eventually British Penang (1786) and Singapore (1819), the ruling class was an impervious racial one and there was very little incentive to change identity. After much initial hostility and competition, the European officials established a remarkable symbiosis with Chinese merchants and craftsmen, who became a classic middleman minority filling the commercial space between ruler and ruled (Zenner 1991 Reid 1997). 

Commercial elites, however, needed the language of the ruling classes—English, Spanish or Dutch for the colonial high culture, and written Chinese for dealing with China and retaining some elements of... 

The gap gene products regulate the position-specific expression of other genes, those belonging to the pair-rule class of segmentation genes. 

But science either remained in the ivory tower for centuries or threw itself into the arms of the ruling class, which had the power and the means to satisfy the craving for recognition and the urge to discover. At the same time, the findings in science meant... 

Between 1965 and 1969 Woodward and Hoffmann presented rules for each of the different classes of pericyclic reaction. They showed that the allowedness or otherwise of reactions depended critically upon their stereochemistry. We shall go through the rules twice first the rules class-by-class, and then again using the generalised mle that applies to all classes of pericyclic reactions. 

The nomenklatura was a system of appointments to all decision-making positions throughout the Soviet party-state and whose unparalleled importance made it colloquially synonymous with the elite or ruling class itself. 

I read this as an explanation of social mobility in terms of its beneficial consequences for the ruling class, with no attempt to suggest a mechanism beyond that of the action of "capital" or the Catholic Church. The latter, of course, was a collective actor and as such capable in principle of devising a deliberate recruitment policy for the purpose mentioned, although Marx o ers no evidence that it actually did so, "Capital", however, is not a collective actor it does not "recruit new forces". The statement is both a violation of methodological individualism and an instance of invalid functional explanation. 

Of these, the class status of the financial capitalists may be the most controversial. In The Class Struggles in France (pp. 46ff) Marx refers to them as "the ruling class" sec also 6.3.3 below. 

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