Other Useful Terms

The weight-average molecular weight can be described mathematically as follows  

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The Conversion. Let us introduce one other useful term, the fractional conversion, or the fraction of any reactant, say A, converted to something else, or the fraction of A reacted away. We call this, simply, the conversion of A, with symbol. ... 

The labels in the left column used to designate the representations will be described later in this section. Other useful terms are defined in Table 4-7. 

Besides isotofe, there are two other useful terms atoms with the same mass number and different atomic numbers are called isobars those with the same number of neutrons, isotoncs. 

Before we move into some specifics of act structure, here are a few other useful terms. 

This theory promotes the idea that accidents result from various hazards or other factors interacting in some manner. Accident prevention professionals use different terms to describe these factors. Some refer to the factors as primary and secondary causes, whereas others use terms such as immediate and contributing causes, surface and root causes, or causes and subcauses. Most investigators agree that accidents happen due to multiple and sometimes complex causal factors. 

The carbocation formed m this step is a cyclohexadienyl cation Other commonly used terms include arenium ion and a complex It is an allylic carbocation and is stabilized by electron delocalization which can be represented by resonance... 

Analyzing an NMR spectrum m terms of a unique molecular structure begins with the mfor matron contained m Table 13 1 By knowing the chemical shifts characteristic of various proton environments the presence of a particular structural unit m an unknown compound may be inferred An NMR spectrum also provides other useful information including... 

Molecular dynamics calculations use equations 25-27. HyperChem integrates equations 26 and 27 to describe the motions of atoms. In the absence of temperature regulation, there are no external sources or depositories of energy. That is, no other energy terms exist in the Hamiltonian, and the total energy of the system is constant. 

Through its committees, divisions, and chapters, the American Vacuum Society has produced a nearly complete bibhography (to 1996) (8), a dictionary of terms (9), a monograph series, and a number of other useful pubHcations (10). Another source of information is the Association of Vacuum Equipment Manufacturers. A history of vacuum ideas and technology development from the Middle Ages to Newton has been given (11). 

The anticorrosion properties of lanolin have been utilized over a considerable period, and the product has the status of a temporary corrosion inhibitor (186) (see Corrosion and corrosion control). There is probably potential for greater use of the poorer grades of lanolin for long-term storage and protection of machine parts. Other uses have been reviewed in detail (182). 

Other uses in terms of production. In terms of value, the proportions were 50%, 47%, and 3%, respectively, for metallurgical uses, abrasives, and refractories and other uses. 

Software In some programmable electronic systems (PES), errors are much easier to detect and correct than in others. Using the term software, in the wider sense, to cover all procedures, as distinct from hardware or equipment, some software is much friendlier than others. Training and instructions are obvious examples. As another example, if many types of gaskets or nuts and bolts are stocked, sooner or later the wrong type will be installed. It is better, and cheaper in the long run, to keep the number of types stocked to a minimum, even though more expensive types than are strictly necessaiy are used for some applications. 

Figure 5 Schematic representation of a Cartesian dynamics protocol starting from random torsion angles. The weights for non bonded (i.e., van der Waals) interactions, unambiguous distance restraints, and ambiguous distance restraints are varied independently. The covalent interactions are maintained with full weight, co.aie - for the entire protocol. Weights for other experimental terms may be varied in an analogous way. Coupling constant restraints and anisotropy restraints are usually used only in a refinement stage.

Attention must be given to the long term protection of people or the environment from hazards from abandoned equipment. Equipment that meets the criteria for disposal in a landfill—that is, it has been properly cleaned—may not be suitable for other uses. Problems such as the one related in the following example can be avoided by making the abandoned equipment unusable if it cannot be cleaned adequately. 

Autoscaling is another term that has been used in different ways by diffemt people. It is often used to indicate "mean centering followed by variance scaling." Others use it to indicate normalization (see below). 

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