Pentachlorophenol polymers

Organic carboxylic acids are commonly found in foods, in the adipate process stream, and as pollutants. Fatty acids are the lipophilic portion of glycerides and a major component of the cell membrane. Phenols are widely used in polymers, as wood preservatives, and as disinfectants. Chloro-phenols such as 4-chlorophenol, two isomeric dichlorophenols, 2,4,6-tri-chlorophenol, three isomeric tetrachlorophenols, and pentachlorophenol were separated on a Dowex (The Dow Chemical Co. Midland, MI) 2-X8 anion exchange resin using an acetic acid-methanol gradient.138... 

Peroxidase transformation of mono- and dichlorinated anilines have been extensively studied, but there is scarce information about highly halogenated anilines. From several peroxidases tested, only chloroperoxidase from C.fumago was able to transform highly chlorinated anilines [69]. This first report on peroxidase transformation of pentachloroaniline showed that the main product is a polymeric material, and pentachlorophenol and tetrachloro-l,4-benzoquinone are also produced (Fig. 8.3). The mechanism of pentachlorophenol production from pentachloroaniline is still unknown. However, the tetrachloro-l,4-benzoquinone seems to be a product of the pentachlorophenol intermediate and not produced directly from the pentachloroaniline as found in pentachlorophenol peroxidase transformation [69]. The identified products from the chloroperoxidase-mediated transformation of tetrachloroaniline are the polymer, which represented 87-95% of the total mass, pentachloroaniline, and three different dimers, which have been identified as minor products [69]. 

A metabolic transformation that involves the coupling or bonding of small molecules to form polymers. In equation 2, two pentachlorophenol molecules polymerize to form para-pentachlorophenoxy-tetrachlorophenol. 

This technique, however, was less than satisfactory. The polymeric acid chlorides were very sensitive to hydrolysis and polymer degradation occurred, presumably due to the presence of HCl. This decomposition was reflected by a decrease in viscosity during this reaction sequence. Furthermore, the final polymers exhibited strong, broad hydroxyl stretching bands in their IR spectra. Transesterification was also attempted unsuccessfully. Poly(ethyl acrylate) was reacted with pentachlorophenol in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid in benzene. Very little ethanol was Isolated and upon precipitation of the polymer in petroleum ether only oily material remained. 

The question of whether or not a polymer-anchored biocide can be active against microorganism growth was first tested by comparing the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of pentachlorophenol, its acrylate, 8, and the homopolymer of pentachlorophenyl acrylate 8. An agar dilution method was used. To a sterilized agar, a solution of the compound to be tested was added in the appropriate amount to make final concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 100, 50, and 10 ppm. Following inoculation, the... 

Pentachlorophenol, a biocide, was fixed to a fatty alkyd resin and to an epoxy ester of soya oil fatty acids to yield a good coat-forming functionalised resin. 28 refs. Articles from this journal can be requested for translation by subscribers to the Rapra produced International Polymer Science and Technology. 

Polypropylene glycol (9) PPG 400 Definition Polymer of propylene oxide Formula H(OCH2CHCH3)nOH, avg. n = 9 Properties Nonionic Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Chemical intermediate intermediate yielding esters useful as lubricants, defoamers in rubber, pharmaceuticals antifoam in fermentation and paints antiblooming agent for pentachlorophenol-treated wood binder and lubricant for ceramics plasticizer of resin-treated papers mold release applies. emollient, solvent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals boiler water additive (food contact) in food-pkg. adhesives Features Provides low odor, low irritation, low toxicity to personal care prods. 

As might be expected, radical acceptors (aromatic amine and phenolic compounds) can influence the solution rheology of degraded polymers [45] (Table 3.9). The best acceptors for polystyrene are hydroquinone and /7-aminophenol (which favors substitution in the nucleus) and the poorest are / -nitrophenol and pentachlorophenol (which hinder substitution). In general, the order of acceptor activity was the same as that for poly(methyl methacrylate). The relative efficiency of oxygen, however, is lower for polystyrene, as this polymer forms relatively stable peroxy radicals, which can react with polymer radicals, as follows, minimizing the molecular weight reduction ... 

The other example, a polymer-bound fungicide, is found in the copolymerization of pentachlorophenyl acrylate with vinyl acetate and ethyl acrylate. This pentachlorophenol-based product could have use as an anti-fouling agent in marine coatings. In this case it was necessary to copolymerize with ethyl acrylate. The homopolymer was found to be too hydrophobic to allow decomposition of the polymer and allow release of the active agent in sufficiently high concentrations to have the appropriate biocide effect. 

It was established that functionalized nanoporous CD polymers may adsorb some organic water pollutants to ppb levels. The synthesis of several insoluble monosubstituted CD polymers, i.e. nanosponges has been reported. These polymers have high abilities for adsorption of p-nitrophenol and pentachlorophenol from aqueous solutions. 

Abbreviations for amino acids and their derivatives follow the revised recommendation of the lUPAC-IUB Committee on Biochemical Nomenclature, entitled Nomenclature and Symbohsm for Amino Acids and Peptides (recommendations of 1983). Nomenclature of branched polypeptides is used in accordance with the recommended nomenclature of graft polymers (lUPAC-lUB recommendations, 1984). For the sake of brevity codes of branched polypeptides were constracted by us using the one-letter symbols of amino acids (Table 1). The abbreviations used in this paper are the following. AK, poly[Lys-(DL-Ala )] AXK, poly[Lys-(DL-Ala -Xi)] XAK, poly[Lys(Xi-DL-Ala )] X = Ser (SAK), Om (OAK), Glu (EAK), or Ac-Glu (Ac-EAK). All amino acids are of L-configuration unless otherwise stated. DPH, l,6-diphenyl-l,3,5-hexatriene ANS, sodium anilino naphthalene sulfonate DPPC, dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline PG, phosphatidyl glycerol Z, benzyloxycarbonyl Pep, pentachlorophenol P, polarisation. 

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