Peat profile

Tsutsuki, K. and Kondo, R. (1995). Lignin-derived phenolic compounds in different types of peat profiles in Hokkaido, Japan. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 41 515-527. 

Tsutsuki, K., Kondo, R. and Shiraishi, H. (1993). Composition of lignin-degradation products, lipids and opal phytoliths in a peat profile accumulated since 32,000 years B.P. in Central Japan. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 39 463-474. 

Shotyk W., Nesbitt H. W., and Fyfe W. S. (1990) The behavior of major and trace elements in complete vertical peat profiles from three Sphagnum bogs. Int. J. Coal Geol. 15(3), 163-190. 

Glooschenko WA (1986) Monitoring the atmospheric deposition of metals by use of bog vegetation and peat profiles. In Nriagu JO and Davidson C I, eds. Toxic Metals in the Atmosphere. Wdey, New York. 

Shotyk W (1995) Peat bog archives of atmospheric metal deposition geochemical evaluation of peat profiles, natural variations in metal concentrations. 

The water storage characteristics of several Minnesota peats in situ, as determined by Boelter (1964), were shown to vary markedly with peat type. Surface horizons of sphagnum moss peat had large pores and released about 80% of the water by volume at low suction (0.1 bar). In contrast, decomposed and herbaceous peats from horizons below 25 cm had small pores, although high porosity, and were not easily drained. They released only 25—35% water by volume under the same suction. These data emphasize that water table fluctuations in a peat profile do not in themselves indicate the quantity of water involved. Furthermore, peat types must be considered in drainage operations. 

A decrease in water availability to wetlands can lead to a decrease in methane formation in wetlands since methane formation in the soil is dependent on anaerobic conditions. Increased temperatures in the peat profile will lead to increased methane production in soils that remain flooded (Clair et al., 1995). 

Figure Vertical concentration of and Pb in in a peat profile from...

Figure 3 The activity ratio in some peat profiles as function of depth.

Pu is produced by neutron irradiation of Np ( Np (n, y/ Np,P" Pu). By multiple neutron capture Pu might be formed and present in the RTG. This would give a lower " Pu/ Pu atomic ratio than from nuclear test fallout. Figure 4 shows the activity concentrations of Pu, " Pu and the ratio Pu / Pu in a peat profile. 

Stephen KD, Arab JRM, Thomas KL, Benstead J, Lloyd D. 1998b. Gas diffusion coefficient profile in peat determined by modelling mass spectrometric data imphcations for gas phase distribution. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 30 429-431. 

Levels, Transformation and Historical Profiles in Sediment and Peat Cores... 

The comparison of the PTP and PTO sulfur profiles of coal samples having low or high sulfur contents and ranging from peat to anthracite showed that the technique provides a plain fingerprint of the change of sulfur composition. However, the results are in agreement with those from more accurate analytical techniques of sulfur... 

Shotyk W. (1996) Natural and anthropogenic enrichments of As, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn in ombrotrophic versus miner-otrophic peat bog profiles, Jura Mountains, Switzerland. Water Air Soil Pollut. 90, 375-405. 

Shotyk W., Cheburkin A. K., Appleby P. G., Erankhauser A., and Kramers J. D. (1996) Two thousand years of atmospheric arsenic, antimony, and lead deposition recorded in an ombrotrophic peat bog profile. Jura Mountains, Switzerland. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 145, El -E7. 

Moilanen and his co-workersalso obtain increasing reactivity profiles with conversion, except for peat. They expect such increasing reactivity because of pore development structure, enhanced by the catalytic effect of the ash, since the ratio catalyst/carbon increases with char conversion. Stoltze et al. obtain similar profiles with barley straw. Rensfelt et al. find as well increasing reactivity with conversion, and a characteristic shape of the reactivity profile for each fuel, having each fuel the same curve independent of temperature. However, for washed barley chars, Sorensen et al. find a decreasing reactivity as a function of conversion. 

Figure 7 Corrosion depth of a group of lance and spearheads excavated in 1994. (a) Plan view, where solid lines indicate modem excavations and dashed lines show excavations during the 19th century, (b) Vertical profile (seen from SE) where dashed line indicates interface between peat and gyttja. Solid line at each point represent a projection of the lance or spear head to the vertical view plane, so long steep lines indicate artefacts deposited in a steep angle. Numbers to the left are metres above sea level...

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