Patterned thin films

Electrical and Electronic Applications. Silver neodecanoate [62804-19-7] has been used in the preparation of a capacitor-end termination composition (110), lead and stannous neodecanoate have been used in circuit-board fabrication (111), and stannous neodecanoate has been used to form patterned semiconductive tin oxide films (112). The silver salt has also been used in the preparation of ceramic superconductors (113). Neodecanoate salts of barium, copper, yttrium, and europium have been used to prepare superconducting films and patterned thin-fHm superconductors. To prepare these materials, the metal salts are deposited on a substrate, then decomposed by heat to give the thin film (114—116) or by a focused beam (electron, ion, or laser) to give the patterned thin film (117,118). The resulting films exhibit superconductivity above Hquid nitrogen temperatures. 

MicrocrystalUne zeolites such as beta zeolite suffer from calcination. The crystallinity is decreased and the framework can be notably dealuminated by the steam generated [175]. Potential Br0nsted catalytic sites are lost and heteroatoms migrate to extra-framework positions, leading to a decrease in catalytic performance. Nanocrystals and ultrafine zeolite particles display aggregation issues, difficulties in regeneration, and low thermal and hydrothermal stabilities. Therefore, calcination is sometimes not the optimal protocol to activate such systems. Application of zeolites for coatings, patterned thin-films, and membranes usually is associated with defects and cracks upon template removal. 

Meth, J. S. Zane, S. G. Sharp, K. G. Agrawal, S. 2003. Patterned thin film transistors incorporating chemical bath deposited cadmium sulfide as the active layer. Thin Solid Films. 444 227-234. 

Dense and Patterned Thin Films Confirming 4820 Two Regimes of Operation... 

Figure 38. Schematic and geometry of patterned thin-film LSM electrode on YSZ studied by Horita and coworkers. After establishing steady-state cathodic polarization, the atmosphere surrounding the electrode is rapidly switched from 02- to 02-rich for 10 min at fixed total Por The sample is then quenched to room temperature and postmortem analyzed using secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) imaging. (Reprinted with permission from ref 230. Copyright 2000 Elsevier.)...

Figure 39. Secondary-ion maps of 0— (oxygen tracer) and Mn 0— (positional reference) of the patterned thin-film electrode shown in Figure 38 following polarization at —0.34 V at 700 °C. (a) Tracer map at the top surface of LSM/YSZ, showing selective incorporation into LSM. (b) Tracer map near the LSMA"SZ interface (acquired after ablation of LSM off the surface with Cs+), showing deep penetration of tracer into LSM. (Reprinted with permission from ref 230. Copyright 2000 Elsevier.)...

Figure 1. Typical nanostructure geometries (a) chain of fine particles, (b) striped nanowire, (c) cylindrical nanowire, (d) nanodots, (e) nanojunction, (f) nanotube, (g) antidots, (h) vicinal surface step, (j) nanoring, and (k) patterned thin film. Note that the figures can consist of multilayered and granular nanocomposites.

Fig. 18 Optical micrographs under cross-polarized light of (a) a pattern of CaCO discrete crystals, (b) a pattern of CaCO film, grown on patterned thin films of PHEMA-b-PMPS-b-PHEMA. Reproduced with permission from [77] Pof>escu et al., (2006) Angew Chem Int Ed 45 1762-1767. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co...

The excitation and detection of surface acoustic waves, flexural plate waves, and other plate waves on piezoelectric substrates is most readily accomplished by use of an interdigital transducer (IDT) first reported by White and Voltmer [6]. The comb-like structure of the IDT, illustrated in Figure 6.4, is typically made from a lithographically patterned thin film that has been deposited onto the surface of a piezoelectric substrate or thin film. The metal film used to make the IDT must be thick enough to offer low electrical resistance and thin enough so that it does not present an excessive mechanical load to the AW. Typical IDTs are made... 

Shamirzaev, 1999 G=200-900, =2-110 gapxSOO kWWC bubble, Cell, Annidar importmt in flow patterns, thin film suppresses nucleation, leads to convective boiling. 

Individual microelectronic devices consist of numerous layers of carefully patterned thin films. Patterning depends upon the ability to define and draw a two-dimensional pattern on a wafer substrate. Currently, this ability depends on photolithography by optical projection, in which a polymer resist film is deposited on the wafer and subsequently exposed to ultraviolet... 

High-rate electroplating and electroforming of precisely patterned thin films as well as of entire parts now made by energy-intensive casting and machining operations... 

C/s can be achieved by optimizing the heater dimensions and frequency. The advantage of this method is that accurate positioning of the reaction mixture with respect to the heater is not necessary, deposition steps to pattern thin-film heaters on the chip are not required, and elaborate percentage/integrator/differentiator (PID) control is not needed [144]. 

Aluminum oxide, as stabilizer, 296 Anderson model of superconductivity, 2 Anisotropic conduction, oxides, 40 Anisotropic GL theory, to ana superconductors. 19 Ann type, effect on cell parameters and magnetic properties, 142 Annealing parameters, films, 238,24(y Applications, BCS theory of superconductivity, 114 Argon laser-etched patterns, thin films, 257-25Atomic structure LajCuO, 27,2, 29 orthorhombic Y-Ba-Oi-0,27,2 ... 

Li, C., Hong, G.S., Yu, H., Qi, L.M. Facile fabrication of honeycomb-patterned thin films of amorphous calcium carbonate and mosaic calcite. Chem. Mater. 22, 3206-3211 (2010)... 

PCR Lab-on-Chip Devices, Fig. 4 Example of a silicon chip thermocycler (IPHT Jena, Germany) microlithogra-phically patterned thin-film transducers at the back side above) and liquid chambers and air chambers for heat transfer control at the front side below)... 

One can also mention the case of composites-based conducting polymers electrodeposited and characterized on anodes of platinum- or carbon black- filled polypropylene from a stirred electrolyte with dispersed copper phthalocyanine. The electrolytic solution contained, besides the solvent (water or acetonitrile), the monomer (pyrrole or thiophene) and a supporting electrolyte. Patterned thin films were obtained from phthalocyanine derivatives, as reported in the case of (2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-oktakis((2-benzyloxy)ethoxy)phthalocyaninato) copper . Such films were prepared by means of capillary flow of chloroform solutions into micrometer-dimension hydrophobic/hydrophilic channels initially created by a combination of microcontact printing of octadecylmercaptan (Cig-SH) layers on gold electrodes. These latter gave birth to a hydrophobic channel bottom while oxidative electropolymerization of w-aminophenol (at pH 4) led to hydrophilic channel walls. 

Yan, L., W.T.S. Huck, X.M. Zhao, and G.M. Withesides (1999). Patterning thin films of poly(ethyleneimine) on a reactive SAM using microcontact printing. Langmuir 15, 1208... 

Figure 11 Schematic description of the procedure for patterning thin films of PEI on the surface of a SAM using xCP and a chemical reaction. The scheme suggests the composition of the SAM, but not the conformation of the groups in it it also makes no attempt to represent either the conformation of the polymer or the distribution of functional groups on the polymer backbone.

PEI is a hydrophilic polymer, it is essential to make the hydrophobic PDMS stamp hydrophilic using oxygen plasma prior to inking in order to form continuous, patterned thin films of PEI on the surface [206]. PIERS studies further show that PEI is covalently linked to the SAM by amide bonds and that the PEI films are thus more stable under both acidic and basic conditions than are polymers physically adsorbed on SAMs of carboxylic acids. 

To this point, we assumed that the masking material for etching is a PR. This assumption is not necessary. To pattern thin film A by microfabrication, it is very common to deposit another film B on top of it and use that as the masking material for the etching of thin film A (see Figure 3.7). Of course, photolithography is done first on thin film B, and it must be subsequently etched and patterned with the PR as the masking material. 

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