Patents, first American

The first practical liquid refrigerating machine is patented by American inventor Jacob Perkins. 

In 1789, at the age of 20, Penington formed, in Philadelphia, the first chemical society in America (possibly the world s firsh) and authored the first American chemistry book—Chemical and Economical Essays (see Figure 236), a work that had favorably impressed Thomas Jefferson (see p. 397). His chemical society lasted briefly and was succeeded by The Chemical Society of Philadelphia, which was founded in 1792 [Dr. James Woodhouse (M.D.)—first president]. In 1793, he was one of six co-signatories to an endorsement for the Hopkins process for making potash (KOH) and pearl ash (K2CO3), for which the first U.S. patent was granted. ... 

Mossoff, A., 2011. Rise and fall of the first American patent thicket the sewing machine war of the 1850s. Ariz. L. Rev. 53, 165. 

The induction furnace was first patented in Italy in 1877 as a low frequency furnace. It was first commercially appHed, installed, and operated in Sweden. The first installation in the United States was made in 1914 by the American Iron and Steel Company in Lebanon, Pennsylvania however, it was not successhil. Other low frequency furnaces have been operated successhiUy, especially for stainless steel. 

Air conditioning has been another revolutionary application of electricity. The technique was first patented by William Carrier in 1902 but widespread adoption came only after I960, opciiing up first the American Sunbelt to mass migration from northern states, then increasing the appeal of subtropical and... 

In 1873, an American, C. G. Cross, was issued the first patent related to a downhole turbine motor for rotating the drill bit at the bottom of a drillstring with hydraulic power [78]. This drilling concept was conceived nearly 30 years before rotary drilling was introduced in oil well drilling. Thus the concept of using a downhole motor to rotate or otherwise drive a drill bit at the bottom of a fluid conveying conduit in a deep borehole is not new. 

The first synthesis of Kevlar by solution polymerization was reported by S. L. Kwolek, P. W. Morgan, and W. R. Gorenson of DuPont in U. S. Patent 3,063,966 (1962). In 1980, Stephanie Kwolek won the American Chemical Society s Award for Creative Invention, and on July 22, 1995, she was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in Akron, Ohio. In 1996 Stephanie Kwolek was awarded... 

The sulphosuccinamate surfactants were first synthesized by American Cyanamid Company (currently Cytec, USA) in the late 1940s. Later in 1968, the alkyl sulphosuccinamate [10] was patented as a flotation collector. 

Because of the outbreak of World War I and perhaps because of the delay in his receiving patents on coal hydrogenation, Bergius published nothing on his process until 1921. This is the first article along with American patents 1,342,790 June 8, 1929 (filed April 18, 1916) and 1,291,664, September 27, 1921 (filed April 18, 1916) in which Bergius discussed his continuous process. 

When the first Moss Bill was filed, its provisions were studied by the American Chemical Society Committee on Economic Status and the Committee on Patent Matters and Related Legislation. One concern was whether an official ACS position on the bill should be presented to the governing congressional committee. The ACS bodies also felt that consideration should be given to the active involvement of ACS itself in developing a program for encouraging compensation to employed inventors. It soon became apparent to the members of the two ACS Committees that the issue was more complex than appeared, and a joint subcommittee was appointed to study the entire question in depth. This subcommittee, under my chairmanship, has been active since 1972, and it made a report to its parent committees in the fall of 1974 with recommendations for future action. 

This first suit was against American Pharmaceutical Partners, hic., which received FDA approval on July 16, 1999 and began marketing its generic cisplatin in November 1999. American Pharmaceutical Partners Announces Exclusive Cisplatin Launch, Bristol s Cisplatin Patent Ruled Invalid, PR Newswire (Nov. 13, 1999). 

Indurite. The first successful American smokeless proplnt invented by C. E. Munroe in about 1891 and patented in 1893 (USP 489684). It... 

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