Patch glues

Anecdotal cases of contact dermatitis from triphenyl phosphate have been reported. A positive patch test to 5% triphenyl phosphate occurred in a hobby worker who worked with a plastic glue and had symptoms of psoriasiform dermatitis of both palms. 

This little book is my gift to myself. It is the book I wish I had found next to those two others when I went to the library, so that I could have reached, with my still limited knowledge of physics and mathematics, the place where the other books began. This book is for you, too, especially if you are taking a physics or chemistry course now. In it, you will find some glue to help patch up your picture of the universe, especially the very small things in it. 

Stickers, fabric glue (available at craft stores), and permanent or fabric markers Cloth patches, gems, or coloring designs... 

The material for the prototype on the outside is thick Lycra and on the inside and the cover, thin cotton jersey. Furthermore, the band to hold the PCB is made with a patch of non-stretchable cotton fabric. Finally, the dummy PCB was sealed with fabric, using copolyamide as glue. The seal was intended to cover the metal-looking PCB, as women complained of the sharp edges in previous iterations. Moreover, the PCB is kept visible to avoid the user accidently bending it. 

Propolis (bee glue) has been used widely in folk medicine in some European countries (e.g., Denmark). It contains, among other things, well-known sensitizers such as cinnamic acid and vanillin. When a commercial propolis ointment was incorporated in the standard patch test series in a Danish dermatology department, 20 of 295 showed positive reactions (Petersen 1977). 

Resistant to impact damage from blunt but not sharp objects small cuts can be repaired with glue-on patches. Large tears require specialist repair with hot air welders. Individual panels can be removed and replaced in a system. Resistent to most graffiti paints ... 

Patch testing with cyanoacrylate glue might give false-negative reactions when dissolved in acetone... 

Stevenson CJ (1981) Occupational vitiligo clinical and epidemiological aspects. Br J Dermatol 105 [Suppl 211 51-56 Tarvainen K (1995) Analysis of patients with allergic patch test reaction to a plastics and glue series. Contact Dermatitis... 

Non-occupational relevance is given in foot dermatitis elicited by shoes, in wrist dermatitis by watch straps and in other leather articles (Freeman 1997). Nine of 839 Finnish patients patch tested with a glue series reacted to PTBP-FR, which turned out to be the most common relevant glue allergen (Tarvainen 1995). 

Workers in the electronics, optical, paint and glue industries are most likely to acquire occupational allergy to epoxy resins (Richter 1974 Tosti et al. 1993). A Dutch survey among employees of several companies that specialise in epoxy resin-related work in the construction industry revealed hand eczema in 23 of 135 persons. Of these, 61% of the eczema population and 12% of the healthy skin group had positive patch-test reactions. Almost all positive patch-test reactions were due to epoxy resin This shows the tremendous relevance of epoxy resin as occupational allergen (van Putten et al. 1984). Epoxy resin coated fiberglass fibres have been reported as a cause of dermatitis in this particular field of industry (Holness and Nethercott 1989). 

Fregert S (1980) Irritant dermatitis from phenol formaldehyde resin powder. Contact Dermatitis 6 493 Harper GA (1997) Brakes and friction materials. Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd, Bury St Edmunds UK, p 19 Kanerva L, Jolanki R, Estlander T (1997) Allergic and irritant patch test reactions to plastic and glue allergens. Contact Dermatitis 37 301-302... 

Epoxy resins, hardeners, diluents, and acrylate compound glues are frequently present in the cabinet maker s shop (Kanerva et al. 1995b). A 1995 review of patch testing results in Helsinki showed that 6% of subjects showed a positive patch test to at least one of a series of plastic and glue allergens, emphasizing the sensitizing potential of these chemicals (Tarvainen... 

Anaerobic acrylic sealants or cyanoacrylates are known sensitizers, while the modified acrylic structural adhesives that cure in air more rarely cause allergy. Tosti et al. (1993) reported of three carpenters, each of whom became sensitized to wood paints and glues with butyl acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate, or a phth-late. Epoxy resin compounds are another commonly used group of adhesives, which contain resins (generally included in patch-test screening batteries), hardeners, and reactive diluents, as well as many other potentially harmful ingredients, such as tar, fillers, colorants, and other plastics. 

Most patients show sensitivity to epoxy resin, but only about 30% show positive results (mostly to chromate, but also to thiuram mix and carba mix) when patch tested with the standard series. Of the three patients who were positive to chromate in our series, two were among the oldest workers and had worked for several years in classical construction work. In tests using the plastics and glues series, we found that five of the patients were sensitive to phenyl glycidyl ether and three to 4,4 -diaminodiphenylmethane, which in one patient was the only sensitivity found. 

Allergic contact dermatitis caused primarily by chemicals or products in the office environment is rare. Examples of such products are glues and ink dyes, and patch testing with these and their ingredients is recommended (Chap. 47). 

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