Passive component

Using passive components, a phase lag compensator may be constructed, whose transfer function is of the form... 

This ordering by singles, doubles and triples takes added meaning when the failure rates of the active and passive components (Table 1.4.3-1) are included. A doublet has a failure frequency that is the product of the two failure rates a triplet is the product of three... 

That is, highly important but highly reliable passive components have a high Birnbaum Importance. To overcome this problem. 

LESF (Figure 3.4.5-5), exemplified for the large LOCA, is compared with SELF. Event tree headings are the refueling water storage tank (RWST) a passive component, an engineered safety system (SA-1) and four elements of the containment system. Other examples of the LESF method show human error in the event tree while the criteria for system success is usually in the tan It tree analysis. 

Both tetrahydro- and dihydro-1,3-oxazine derivatives have been suggested as passive components of azo dyes. ... 

This combination has, in the past, been the base of various impact sensitive pyrotechnics, described by Haarmann [1] and more recently on the Internet, including reference to a report [2] of a mere 60-70 kg, dispersed in children s toy caps, demolishing a building in an accidental explosion. Red phosphorus is a material of variable composition and reactivity, so unreliability is to be anticipated. There have been passivating components in most of these mixtures, it is suggested that the pure dry powders will often react on contact. For the more reactive white allotrope ... 

D-machining techniques of semiconductor materials are amongst the core processes leading to the miniaturized structures (sensors, actuators (e.g. valves, relays, etc.) and passive components (e.g. micro channels)). 

D Processing Technology 200 Sensors, Actuators and Passive Components 201 Bulk Micromachining Technology 201 Surface Micromachining of Silicon 205 Summary 205... 

Passive components (e.g., materials in storage tanks) can be described by shared variables denoted by Vi,..., vUv. The production and consumption of materials can be represented by actions, which either increase or decrease the value of the shared variables. The term shared refers to the fact that these variables can be manipulated by any automaton in the model. 

Passive bulk applications, electromagnetic applications for, 23 865-866 Passive components, 10 15 Passive composting, 25 874 Passive cooling, in nuclear power facilities, 17 555-556... 

An important consequence of the presence of the metal surface is the so-called infrared selection rule. If the metal is a good conductor the electric field parallel to the surface is screened out and hence it is only the p-component (normal to the surface) of the external field that is able to excite vibrational modes. In other words, it is only possible to excite a vibrational mode that has a nonvanishing component of its dynamical dipole moment normal to the surface. This has the important implication that one can obtain information by infrared spectroscopy about the orientation of a molecule and definitely decide if a mode has its dynamical dipole moment parallel with the surface (and hence is undetectable in the infrared spectra) or not. This strong polarization dependence must also be considered if one wishes to use Eq. (1) as an independent way of determining ft. It is necessary to put a polarizer in the incident beam and use optically passive components (which means polycrystalline windows and mirror optics) to avoid serious errors. With these precautions we have obtained pretty good agreement for the value of n determined from Eq. (1) and by independent means as will be discussed in section 3.2. 

Yehia and D. Khalil, Analysis of 2D Multimode interferenee straetures, Proceedings of 2002 lEEE/LEOS Workshop on Eiber and Optical Passive Components, 57- 63 (2002). 

During irradiation, the holes produced in the ice phase are sequestered by the ice. This is not strictly true for the excess electrons some escape the ice phase and are selectively scavenged by DNA. The degree to which this increases the yield of electrons trapped by DNA is considered to be relatively small and therefore when computing yields of direct damage in DNA, the mass of the ice phase is usually excluded from the target mass. While ice is a relatively passive component of the system, it does provide an important reference point with respect to product yields. Electrons and holes are quite mobile in ice [87,88] it is a decent conductor. Consequently, even at low temperatures, the free radical yields are quite low, e.g., the yield of HO in ice at 77 K is 0.037 gmol/J [83]. This is just one example of a... 

The use of passive components (resistors and capacitors) to construct an equivalent circuit for the electrochemical cell is carried one step further in Figure... 

Functional fibres, filaments and yams are the basic building blocks of electrotextiles. The textile industry has demonstrated a remarkable capability to incorporate both natural and man-made filaments into yarns and fabrics to satisfy a wide range of physical parameters which survive the manufacturing process and are tailored to specific application environments. Electronic components can be fabricated within and/or on the surface of filaments and can subsequently be processed into functional yams and woven into fabrics. Passive components such as resistors, capacitors and inductors can be fabricated in several different manners. Diodes and transistors can be made on long, thin, flat strands of silicon or formed in a coaxial way. Progress has been made in the development of fibre batteries and fibre-based solar cells. In addition, a variety of actuated materials (piezoelectric, etc.) can be made into multiple long strands (filaments) and subsequently be woven into fabric. 

Herzog, W., Schachar, R., and Leonard, T. R. (2003). Characterization of the passive component of force enhancement following active stretching of skeletal muscle. / Exp. Biol. 206, 3635-3643. 

Harmonic filters are broadly classified into passive and active filters. Passive filters, as the name implies, use passive components such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors. A combination of passive components is tuned to the harmonic frequency that is to be filtered. Figure 4.22 is a typical series-tuned filter. Here the values of the inductor and the capacitor are chosen to present a low impedance to the harmonic frequency that is to be filtered out. Due to the lower impedance of the filter in comparison to the impedance of the source, the harmonic frequency current will circulate between the load and the filter. This keeps the harmonic current of the desired frequency away from the source and other loads in the power system. If other harmonic frequencies are to be filtered out, additional tuned filters are applied in parallel. Applications such as arc furnaces require multiple harmonic filters, as they generate large quantities of harmonic currents at several frequencies. 

A filter consists of passive components such as R, L, and C to divert noise away from susceptible equipment. Filters may be applied at the source of the noise to prevent noise propagation to other loads present in the system. Filters may also be applied at the load to protect a specific piece of equipment. The choice of the type of filter would depend on the location of the noise source, the susceptibility of the equipment, and the presence of more than one noise source. 

Filters are an effective means of providing a certain degree of attenuation of conducted emissions. Filters do not completely eliminate the noise but reduce it to a level that might be tolerated by the susceptible device. Filters use passive components... 

Frizzell RA, Koch MJ, Schultz SG. Ion transport by rabbit colon. I. Active and passive components. J Membr Biol 1976 27 297-316. 

The constant drive to miniaturize components for communications devices is stimulating efforts to develop LTCC technology into three dimensional circuitry in which passive components (resistors, capacitors and inductors) are packaged into the structure with the active, integrated circuits, bonded to the outer surface. The technology is reviewed by W. Wersing et al. [18]. 

Wersing, W. et al. (1999) Integrated passive components using low temperature cofired ceramics, SPIE 3582, 193-9. 

Although 2-hydroxy-5-tcrt-butylazobenzene (29) exists as a true azo compound, annelation of the benzene ring results in 1,2-naphthoquinone 1-phenylhydrazone (35, R = H) and 1,2-naphthoquinone 2-phenylhydrazone (34, R = H) being in a prevailing tautomeric form in compounds derived from 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol. 4-Hydroxyazobenzene (32) and l-hydroxy-4-phenylazonaphthalene (36, R = H) exist in DMSO as true azo compounds. Next step in annelation of the benzene ring in the passive component led to anthracene derivatives. These compounds exist almost completely in hydrazone tautomeric forms (>95%) irrespective of the fact they were formally derived from 1-hydroxyanthraquinone or 2-hydroxyanthraquinone.50 15N chemical shifts show nicely the dramatic changes for compounds 32, 36, (R = H) and 1,4-anthraquinone phenylhydrazone (44). 

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