Parmelia caperata

Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach. provided a cold-water-insoluble a-D-glucopyranan having (1—>3)- and (1— 4)-linked residues in equimolar proportions. As there were no successive, (1—>3) and (1— 4) linkages, the glucan is structurally similar to nigeran (repeating unit 5).75... 

Bargagli R, Monaci F, Borghini F, Bravi F, Agnorelli C. 2002. Mosses and lichens as biomonitors of trace metals a comparison study on Hypneum cupressiforme and Parmelia caperata in a former mining district in Italy. Environ Pollut 116 279-287. 

Loppi, S. Corsini, A. (2003). Diversity of epiphytic lichens and metal contents of Parmelia caperata thalli as monitors of air pollution in the town of Pistoia, Italy. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 86, 289-301. 

Freitas, M.C., Nobre, A.S., 1997. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals using Parmelia sulcata e Parmelia caperata for air pollution studies. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 217 (1), 17-20. 

Passive biomonitoring was applied to estimate the air quality in the La Spezia district, Italy, with regard to a coal-fired power plant and other industrial activities (Nimis et al., 1990). The lichen Parmelia caperata collected from Olea sativa trees was meant to biomonitor the SO2 pollution in the study area. The method, adopted by Nimis et al., was designed to avoid subjectivity, to begin with the strategy of sampling and end with the analysis of data. The applied index, based on frequency of species... 

Loppi, S., 1995. Trace element content of the lichen Parmelia caperata from a geothermal area of central Italy. Micol. Veg. Mediterranea 10, 67-72. 

Loppi, S., Corsini, A., Bruscoli, C., 1994b. The amounts of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the lichen Parmelia caperata growing in agricultural and suburban sites of the Pistoia area (central Italy). Micol. Veg. Mediterranea 9, 25-34. 

Additional studies of lichens exposed to chemicals under controlled conditions were carried out by Branquinho and co-workers (1997a,b) who investigated the impact of heavy metals on chlorophyll fluorescence, relative to membrane integrity in lichens. The uptake of Pb, particularly in cyanobiont lichens, caused a decrease of PSII photochemical reactions measured as a change in the Fy/Fn, ratio (Branquinho et al., 1997a) for the lichens Lobaria pulmonaria and Parmelia caperata, the effect on PSII photochemical reactions could only be observed 48 h after the Pb uptake, thus confirming that a prolonged exposure to Pb leads to an additional decrease of Fv/F ,. 

Rankovic B, Misic M (2008) The antimicrobial activity of the lichen substances of the lichens Cladonia Furcata, Ochrolechia Androgyna, Parmelia caperata and Parmelia Conspersa. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 22 1013-1016... 

Rankovic B, Misic M, Sukdolak S (2008) The antimicrobial activity of substances derived from the lichens Physcia aipolia, Umbilicaria polyphylla, Parmelia caperata and Hypogymnia physodes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24 1239-1242 Rankovic B, Kosanic M, Manojlovic N et al (2014) Chemical composition of Hypogymnia physodes lichen and biological activities of some its major metabolites. Med Chem Res 23 408-416 Rezanka T, Dembitsky V (1999) Novel brominated lipidic compounds from lichcms of Central Asia. Phytochemistry 51 963-968... 

Manojlovic et al. (2012) investigated antioxidant activities for protocetraric and usnic acids from Parmelia caperata lichen and depsidone salazinic acid from... 

Pengsuparp T, Cai L, Constant H et al (1995) Mechanistic evaluation of new plant-derived compounds that inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. J Nat Prod 58 1024—1031 Perry NB, Berm MH, Brennan NJ et al (1999) Antimicrobial, antiviral and cytotoxic activity of New Zealand lichens. Lichenologist 31 627-636 Petrzik K, Vondrak J, Bartak M et al (2014) Lichens—a new source or yet unknown host of herbaceous plant viruses Eur J Plant Pathol 138 549-559 Rankovic B, Misic M, Sukdolak S (2007a) Antimicrobial activity of the lichens Cladoniafurcata, Parmelia caperata, Parmeliapertusa, Hypogymnia physodes and Umbilicariapolyphylla. Br J Biomed Sci 64 143-148... 

Takeda, T., Y. Nishikawa, and S. Shibata A New a-Glucan from the Lichen Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Japan) 18, 1074 (1970). 

Parmelia caperata Jacobs and Ahmadjian (1969) Peveling (1969a)... 

Figs. 32-36. Different forms of rhizines. Fig. 32, young rhizines on the lower cortex of Parmelia caperata Fig. 33, an older enlarged tip of a rhizine of Parmelia caperata Fig. 34, view of the end of a hyphal bundle from a rhizine of Lobaria pulmonaria Fig. 35, rhizines... 

Frost injury of lichens in their natural habitats has been rarely reported (Barkman, 1958) but this does not exclude its occurrence. After a severe winter (1962) in southeastern England, Laundon (1966) found thalli of Parmelia caperata totally bleached or discolored in the marginal zone. This must be exclusively due to winter killing and not to toxic damage because Ramalina farinacea and Usnea sp. growing in the same place were unharmed. Two years later the recovery of the lichen colony was observed. 

Laundon, J. R. (1966). Frost damage to Parmelia caperata. Lichenologist 3, 273. 

Parmelia caperata, P. revoluta (except in NE), P. tiliacea, P. exasperatula (in N) extend up the trunk Usnea subfloridana, Pertusaria hemisphaerica, Rino dina roboris (in S) and Arthonia impolita (in E) appear... 

Fig. 2. Average daily growth rate of Parmelia caperata near Washington, D. C. for 1 year (14 measurements). (From Hale, 1970.)...

Hale, M. E., Jr. (1970). Single-lobe growth-rate patterns in the lichen Parmelia caperata. Bryologist 73,72-81. 

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