Lobaria pulmonaria

Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. var. meridonalis (Vain) Zahlbr. is a widespread lichen characterized by a lobed structure similar in appearance to alveolar tissue. As Gonzalez et al. (1994) pointed out in their introduction to a discussion of the chemistry of this lichen, its specific epithet reflects its use as a treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis following the Doctrine of Signatures. The varietal name was appended much later to specimens collected in the Philippines. 

Depsidones from Lobaria pulmonaria and their chemotaxonomic importance. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 22 583-586. 

Additional studies of lichens exposed to chemicals under controlled conditions were carried out by Branquinho and co-workers (1997a,b) who investigated the impact of heavy metals on chlorophyll fluorescence, relative to membrane integrity in lichens. The uptake of Pb, particularly in cyanobiont lichens, caused a decrease of PSII photochemical reactions measured as a change in the Fy/Fn, ratio (Branquinho et al., 1997a) for the lichens Lobaria pulmonaria and Parmelia caperata, the effect on PSII photochemical reactions could only be observed 48 h after the Pb uptake, thus confirming that a prolonged exposure to Pb leads to an additional decrease of Fv/F ,. 

Microsatellites reveal regional population differentiation and isolation in Lobaria pulmonaria, an epiphytic lichen. Molecular Ecology 14, 457-467. 

Deriv Pentaacetyl-D-arabitol, mp 74-75 °C, [a]o + 37.2 (CHCI3), by acetylation of D-arabitol with ACjO-pyridine StL Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. 

Safe S, Safe LM, Maass WSG (1975) Sterols of three lichen species Lobaria pulmonaria, Lobaria scrobiculata and Usnea longissima. Phytochemistry 14 1821-1823... 

Solberg YJ (1986) Chemical constituents of the lichen species Cetraria islandica. J Hattori Bot Lab 60 391-406 Solberg YJ (1987) Chemical constituents of the lichens Cetraria delisei, Lobaria pulmonaria, Stereocaulon tomentosum and Usnea hirtUy J Hattori Bot Lab 63 357-366... 

Atalay F, Halici MB, Mavi AA et al (2011) Antioxidant phenolics hum Lobaria pulmonaria (L.)... 

Starting in the 1500s, the doctrine of signatures was an ubiquitous concept in European medicine. It was thought that plants looked like the organ or ailment that they cured and various lichens were adopted into the European pharmacopoeia as a result. The main medicinal lichens in early modem era Europe were Cetraria islandica, Cladonia pyxidata, Peltigera canina, Peltigera aphthosa, Usnea spp., Lobaria pulmonaria, Xanthoria parietina, and Evernia prunastri. For more details, refer to these lichens in the tables below. The widespread use of these lichens had been mostly abandoned by 1800, with the exception of Cetraria islandica, which has persisted as a medicinal lichen in parts of Europe until today. 

Scandinavia Decoction for bathing chapped skin on babies or the feet of adults. Same use for Lobaria pulmonaria, Usnea sp, and Peltigera aphihosa (Richardson 1974)... 

Saanich (BC, Canada) smexddles Medicinal properties depend on type of tree it is growing on. Possible the lichen traditionally used for birth control. Not differentiated from Lobaria pulmonaria (Turner and Hebda 2012)... 

When antioxidant capacities of the lichens are compared with their phenolic constituents, it could be concluded that antioxidative nature of the lichens might depend on their phenolics. There are many reports which correlate the total phenolic content of lichens and their antioxidant activity. For example, for the methanol extract of Lobaria pulmonaria, there was a strong correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (Odabasoglu et al. 2004). Kekuda et al. (2012) found highly positive relationship between total phenols and antioxidant activity in methanol extract of a foliose macrolichen Everniastrum cirrhatum. 

Karakus B, Odabasoglu F, Cakir A et al (2009) The effects of methanol extract of Lobaria pulmonaria, a lichen species, on indometacin-induced gastric mucosal damage, oxidative stress and neutrophil infiltration. Phytother Res 23 635-639 Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW et al (eds) (2008) Dictionary of the fimgi, 10th edn. CAB, Wallingford, Oxon, UK... 

Lobaria pulmonaria Gyrophoric acid Depsides APP Light screening pigments McEvoy et al. (2007)... 

McEvoy M, Gauslaa Y, Solhaug KA (2007) Changes in pools of depsidones and melanins, and their function, during growth and acclimation under contrasting natural Ught in the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria. New Phytol 175 271-282... 

Safe, S., L. M. Safe, and W. S. G. Maass Sterols of Three Lichen Species Lobaria pulmonaria, Lobaria scrobiculata and Usnea longissima. Phytochem. 14, 1821 (1975). Sala, T., and M. V. Sargent Depsidone Synthesis. Part 14. The Total Synthesis of Psoromic Acid Isopropyl Ethers as Useful Phenolic Protective Groups., J ..Chem,.Soc. (London) Perkin Trans. I 1979, 2593. 

Figs. 61-63. Lobaria pulmonaria note on the right side an inverted part of the thallus (I X ) Fig. 62, foliose, laciniate thallus of Parmelia quercina (2.5 x ). Fig. 63, foliose laciniate thallus of Peltigera canina x ). (Figs. 61 and 62 from Henssen and Jahns, 1973.)... 

Extracts were prepared by washing portions of thalli and then macerating them in water the ones used are water (C), Lobaria pulmonaria (1), Parmelia physodes (2), Ochrolechia parella (3), O. androgyna (4), Usnea comosa (5), Xanthoria parietina (6). Results are expressed in terms of percentage germination. 

Figs. 32-36. Different forms of rhizines. Fig. 32, young rhizines on the lower cortex of Parmelia caperata Fig. 33, an older enlarged tip of a rhizine of Parmelia caperata Fig. 34, view of the end of a hyphal bundle from a rhizine of Lobaria pulmonaria Fig. 35, rhizines... 

Millbank, J. W., and Kershaw, K. A. (1970). Nitrogen metabolism in lichens. III. Nitrogen fixation by internal cephalodia in Lobaria pulmonaria. New Phytol. 69, 595-597. 

Alpine lichens Anaptychia leucomelaen(f Cladonia alcicornis Hypogymnia physodes Lobaria pulmonaria Neuropogon sp. 

Lobaria pulmonaria Nostoc (cephalodia) Myrmecia (thallus) Millbank and Kershaw (1970)... 

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