Lichens Hypogymnia physodes

Lichen, Hypogymnia physodes, whole Finland, 1982-83 distance, in km, from chloralkali plant 0-1 18.0 FW 3... 

Helena, P., Franc, B. and Cvetka, R.L. (2004) Monitoring of short-term heavy metal deposition by accumulation in epiphytic lichens (Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl.). Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 49, 223-30. 

Paul, A., Hauck, M. Fritz, E. (2003). Effects of manganese on element distribution and structure in thalli of the epiphytic lichens Hypogymnia physodes and Lecanora conizaeoides. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 50, 113—24. 

Bennett, J.P., 2000. Statistical baseline values for chemical elements in the lichen Hypogymnia physodes. In Agrawal, S.B., Agrawal, M. (Eds.), Environmental Pollution and Plant Responses. CRC/Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 343-353. 

Bennett, J.P., Dibben, M.J., Lyman, K.L., 1996. Element concentrations in the lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. after 3 years of transplanting along Lake Michigan. Environ. Exp. Bot. 36, 255-270. 

Bruteig, I.E., 1993. The epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes as a biomonitor of atmospheric nitrogen and sulphur deposition in Norway. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 26, 21-Al. 

Halonen, P., Hyvarinen, M., Kauppi, M., 1993. Emission related and repeated monitoring of element concentrations in the epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes in a coastal area, W Finland. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 30,251-261. 

Kubin, E., 1990. A survey of element concentrations in the epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes in Finland in 1985-1986. In Kauppi. P.. Antilla, P., Kenttamies, K. (Eds.), Acidification in Finland. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 421-446. 

Lackovicova, A., Martiny, E., Pisut, I., Stresko, V., 1994. Element content of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes and spruce needles in the industrial area of Rudnany and Krompachy (NE Slovakia). Ekologia 13, 415-... 

Egger, R., Schlee, D., Tiirk, R., 1994. Changes of physiological and biochemical parameters in the lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. due to the action of air pollutants - a field study. Phyton 34, 229-242. 

Garty, J., Kauppi, M., Kauppi, A., 1997d. The production of stress ethylene relative to the concentration of heavy metals and other elements in the lichen Hypogymnia physodes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 16, 2402-2408. 

C26H30O8, Mr 470.52, needles, mp. 205 °C (decomp.). A dep idone with antibiotic properties from the foli-ose lichen Hypogymnia physodes. 

Meisurova, A. F., Khizhnyak, S. D., and Pakhomov, P. M. IR spectral analysis of the chemical composition of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes to assess atmospheric pollution. Joum. Applied Spectroscopy, 76,420-426 (2009). 

A Comparison of the Maximum Net CO. Assimilation of Leaves OF Seed Plants and the Lichen Hypogymnia physodes in Late Winter UNDER Conditions of Light Saturation, Optimal Temperature, Good Water Supply, and Normal Atmospheric CO2 Concentration ... 

Makholm, M.M., Bennett, J.P., 1998. Mercury accumulation in transplanted Hypogymnia physodes lichens downwind of Wisconsin chlor-alkali plant. Water Air Soil Pollut. 102,427-436. 

As the K efflux from plant tissue demonstrates membrane disintegration in particular, Nifontova et al. (1995) investigated the permeability of lichen membranes as a result of gamma radiation. Thalli of different lichen species were irradiated for this purpose. The membrane permeability in irradiated thalli of Cladonia arbuscula, Cetraria islandica and Hypogymnia physodes increased considerably in comparison with untreated control thalli. The K efflux from H. physodes thalli intensified with an increase of the radiation dose whereas no correlation was obtained for the K efflux and the radiation dose in C. arbuscula and C. islandica. The N content in Peltigera aphtosa appeared, however, to remain stable under acute gamma radiation. 

CijHigOg, Mr 374.35, prisms, mp. 195 C, yellow color with KOH and p-pheny lenediamine, soluble in benzene and chloroform. A. is a depside with antibiotic properties occurring in many lichens (e.g in Hypogymnia physodes and Lecanora atra). The biosynthesis proceeds via acetyl-CoA and orsellinic acid. 

The changes caused by the formation of sulfates (R-O-SO -ORj) in lichens exposed over 0.5% H SO were revealed in infrared spectra of mid-resistant species Hypogymnia physodes (Fig. 6.2). The presence of sulfates in the sample (5) was evidenced by newly appeared absorption bands at 1313 v CSOj), 781, 663 and 518 cm v(S-O-C) [7, 12]. Moreover, the formation of sulfates in the lichens is accompanied by the thallus decomposition and alterations in its appearance. 

The spectroscopic analysis of lichen sample (13) exposed over a mixture of the two acids showed changes in the chemical composition caused by the formation of two kinds of compounds, namely, sulfates (R-O-SO -OR,) and alkyl nitrates (R-O-NOj) (Fig. 6.3). The absorption bands at 1318,779,666 and 520 cm indicate on the presence of sulfates in the hchens Hypogymnia physodes, while the band at 1384 cm is characteristic for alkyl nitrates. The exposition of other species of lichens (15-16) over two acids did not cause any changes in the chemical composition, which could be related to the sulfates formation. In the IR spectra of samples Evernia mesomor-pha (15) mdXanthoriaparietina (16), weakly pronounced absorption at 1384 cm indicated on the presence of alkyl nitrates. The values of in the spectra... 

Rankovic B, Misic M, Sukdolak S (2008) The antimicrobial activity of substances derived from the lichens Physcia aipolia, Umbilicaria polyphylla, Parmelia caperata and Hypogymnia physodes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24 1239-1242 Rankovic B, Kosanic M, Manojlovic N et al (2014) Chemical composition of Hypogymnia physodes lichen and biological activities of some its major metabolites. Med Chem Res 23 408-416 Rezanka T, Dembitsky V (1999) Novel brominated lipidic compounds from lichcms of Central Asia. Phytochemistry 51 963-968... 

Europe (early modem eta) treemoss, mousse d arbre (French) A substitute for quinine (Willemet 1787). Used for fevers and as an astringent (Lindley 1838). Mixed with Evernia prunastri and Hypogymnia physodes as lichen quercinus virdes, a popular drug in early modem Europe (Senft 1911 Llano 1948)... 

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