Hypogymnia physodes

Lichen, Hypogymnia physodes, whole Finland, 1982-83 distance, in km, from chloralkali plant 0-1 18.0 FW 3... 

Helena, P., Franc, B. and Cvetka, R.L. (2004) Monitoring of short-term heavy metal deposition by accumulation in epiphytic lichens (Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl.). Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 49, 223-30. 

Kyotomaa A, Nieminen S, Thuneberg P, et al. 1995. Accumulation of aluminum in hypogymnia physodes in the surroundings of a Finnish sulphite-cellulose factory. Water Air Soil Pollut 81 401-409. 

Paul, A., Hauck, M. Fritz, E. (2003). Effects of manganese on element distribution and structure in thalli of the epiphytic lichens Hypogymnia physodes and Lecanora conizaeoides. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 50, 113—24. 

Figure 6. Twigs of Pinus sylvestris covered by Hypogymnia physodes and Usnea hirta, detached from trees in a natural forest in Peuhu, Oulunsalo, 15 km south-west of Oulu, N Finland, and resuspended in the same site as control samples, in the frame of a biomonitoring survey in the Oulu region (Garty et al., 1996).

Bennett, J.P., 2000. Statistical baseline values for chemical elements in the lichen Hypogymnia physodes. In Agrawal, S.B., Agrawal, M. (Eds.), Environmental Pollution and Plant Responses. CRC/Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 343-353. 

Bennett, J.P., Dibben, M.J., Lyman, K.L., 1996. Element concentrations in the lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. after 3 years of transplanting along Lake Michigan. Environ. Exp. Bot. 36, 255-270. 

Bruteig, I.E., 1993. The epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes as a biomonitor of atmospheric nitrogen and sulphur deposition in Norway. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 26, 21-Al. 

Halonen, P., Hyvarinen, M., Kauppi, M., 1993. Emission related and repeated monitoring of element concentrations in the epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes in a coastal area, W Finland. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 30,251-261. 

Kubin, E., 1990. A survey of element concentrations in the epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes in Finland in 1985-1986. In Kauppi. P.. Antilla, P., Kenttamies, K. (Eds.), Acidification in Finland. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 421-446. 

Lackovicova, A., Martiny, E., Pisut, I., Stresko, V., 1994. Element content of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes and spruce needles in the industrial area of Rudnany and Krompachy (NE Slovakia). Ekologia 13, 415-... 

Makholm, M.M., Bennett, J.P., 1998. Mercury accumulation in transplanted Hypogymnia physodes lichens downwind of Wisconsin chlor-alkali plant. Water Air Soil Pollut. 102,427-436. 

Pfeiffer, H.N., Barclay-Estrup, P., 1992. The use of a single species, Hypogymnia physodes, as an indicator of air quality in northwestern Ontario. Bryologist 95, 38-41. 

As the K efflux from plant tissue demonstrates membrane disintegration in particular, Nifontova et al. (1995) investigated the permeability of lichen membranes as a result of gamma radiation. Thalli of different lichen species were irradiated for this purpose. The membrane permeability in irradiated thalli of Cladonia arbuscula, Cetraria islandica and Hypogymnia physodes increased considerably in comparison with untreated control thalli. The K efflux from H. physodes thalli intensified with an increase of the radiation dose whereas no correlation was obtained for the K efflux and the radiation dose in C. arbuscula and C. islandica. The N content in Peltigera aphtosa appeared, however, to remain stable under acute gamma radiation. 

Egger, R., Schlee, D., Tiirk, R., 1994. Changes of physiological and biochemical parameters in the lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. due to the action of air pollutants - a field study. Phyton 34, 229-242. 

Garty, J., Kauppi, M., Kauppi, A., 1997d. The production of stress ethylene relative to the concentration of heavy metals and other elements in the lichen Hypogymnia physodes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 16, 2402-2408. 

CijHigOg, Mr 374.35, prisms, mp. 195 C, yellow color with KOH and p-pheny lenediamine, soluble in benzene and chloroform. A. is a depside with antibiotic properties occurring in many lichens (e.g in Hypogymnia physodes and Lecanora atra). The biosynthesis proceeds via acetyl-CoA and orsellinic acid. 

C26H30O8, Mr 470.52, needles, mp. 205 °C (decomp.). A dep idone with antibiotic properties from the foli-ose lichen Hypogymnia physodes. 

Meisurova, A. F., Khizhnyak, S. D., and Pakhomov, P. M. IR spectral analysis of the chemical composition of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes to assess atmospheric pollution. Joum. Applied Spectroscopy, 76,420-426 (2009). 

FIGURE 6.1 IR spectra of Hypogymnia physodes (a), Parmelia sulcata (b), Evemia mesomorpha (c) eaidXanthotiaparietina (d) samples 1-control 2-treated with 0.5% HNO3. 

---