Papin

Both the Newcomen and the Papin pumps derived most of their power from this atmospheric force rather than from steam pressure. Newcomen engines consumed perhaps 32 pounds of coal each hour per horsepower developed, about 1 percent of the energy that burning coal emits. 

Denys Papin s steam engine, France. Reciprocating steam engine developed by Thomas Newcomen (English). 

Papin s digester, 177 Partial pressures, lawr of, 171, 265, 274 Pascal s law, 40 Passive resistances, 91 Path, 44... 

Price ND, Papin JA, Schilling CH, Palsson BO. Genome-scale microbial in silico models the constraints-based approach. Trends Biotechnol 2003 21 162-9. 

Papin JA, Hunter T, Palsson BO, Subramaniam S. Reconstruction of cellular signalling networks and analysis of their properties. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2005 6 99-111. 

J. A. Papin, N. D. Price, J. S. Edwards, and B. O. Palsson, The genome scale metabolic extreme pathway structure in Haemophilus influenzae shows significant network redundancy. J. Theor. Biol. 215, 67 82 (2002). 

The wide diversity and the large number of apparatuses used for investigations and processing of reactions in SCFs make a systematization difficult. They have been developed during the time from the first digester by Denys Papin in 1680 to Ipatiev s high-pressure bomb [198] and up to the first... 

It is believed that the French scientist Denis Papin was the inventor of the Safety Valve, which he first applied to his newly developed steam digester at the end of the seventeenth century. Safety Valves were indeed designed and used for many years mainly for steam applications or distillation installations throughout Europe (Figure 1.1). 

The Safety Valve was kept closed by means of a lever and a movable weight sliding the weight along the lever enabled Papin to keep the valve in place and regulate the steam pressure. 

Woerly, G., Honda, K., Loyens, M., Papin, J. P., Auwerx, J., Staels, B., Capron, M., and Dombrowicz, D. (2003). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma down-regulate allergic inflammation and eosinophil activation.. Exp. Med. 198, 411—421 -... 

A solvothermal process is one in which a material is either recrystallized or chemically synthesized from solution in a sealed container above ambient temperature and pressure. The recrystallization process was discussed in Section 1.5.1. In the present chapter we consider synthesis. The first solvothermal syntheses were carried out by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811-1899) in 1839 at the University of Marburg. Bunsen grew barium carbonate and strontium carbonate at temperatures above 200°C and pressures above 100 bar (Laudise, 1987). In 1845, C. E. Shafhautl observed tiny quartz crystals upon transformation of freshly precipitated silicic acid in a Papin s digester or pressure cooker (Rabenau, 1985). Often, the name solvothermal is replaced with a term to more closely refer to the solvent used. For example, solvothermal becomes hydrothermal if an aqueous solution is used as the solvent, or ammothermal if ammonia is used. In extreme cases, solvothermal synthesis takes place at or over the supercritical point of the solvent. But in most cases, the pressures and temperatures are in the subcritical realm, where the physical properties of the solvent (e.g., density, viscosity, dielectric constant) can be controlled as a function of temperature and pressure. By far, most syntheses have taken place in the subcritical realm of water. Therefore, we focus our discussion of the materials synthesis on the hydrothermal process. 

Papin JA, Stelling J, Price ND, Klamt S, Schuster S, Palsson BO (2004) Trends Biotechnol 22 400... 

Papin, J.A. and Palsson, B.O. (2004a). The JAK-STAT signaling network in the human B-cell an extreme signaling pathway analysis. Biophys. J. 87, 37-46. 

Papin, J.A., Stelling, J., Price, N.D., Klamt, S., Schuster, S. and Palsson, B.O. (2004) Comparison of network-based pathway analysis methods. Trends Biotechnol. 22, 400-405. 

Capron M, Loiseau S, Papin JR et al. Inhibitory effect of lodoxamide on eosinophU activation, hit Arch AUergy Immunol 1998 116 140-146. 

Panchenkov s viscosity formula, 89 paper chromatography, 182 Papin s digester, 276 parabola, 421 paraboloid, 429, 430 parachor, 144, 159 atomic, 144 bibliography on, 148 and bond-type, 147 constitutional effect on, 144 and coordinate link, 144 and dipole moment, 146 and entropy, 147 and latent heat of evaporation, 323 and latent heat of fusion, 146 and magnetic susceptibility, 147 for mixtures, 145 negative, 147 and refractivity, 146-7 in solution, 145 and space-filling fraction, 146 and space-filling, 146 ... 

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