Filamentous bacteria

These changes in morphology induced by chemical substances are usually temporary, since reversion to normal form occurs promptly when the filamentous bacteria are subcultured in the absence of the inhibitory agents. Irradiation, on the other band, may give rise to a temporary or permanent induction of filamentous cells. 

Some forms of nutrient pollution may be found under conditions where deoxygenation is not a serious problem, and this has often been observed at the site of paper mill discharges. These forms of pollution manifest themselves as a voluminous growth of filamentous bacteria and they sometimes occur as effluent quality is improving. 

Stoessel F (1989) On the ecology of ciliates in riverwaters The evaluation of water quality via ciliates and filamentous bacteria. Aquat Sci 51 235... 

Viscosity The viscosity of a broth is monitored by a rotational viscometer in some fermentation processes that use filamentous bacteria such as in antibiotics production where the viscosity of the culture broth increases as fermentation progresses. Increase in the viscosity of a culture broth results in a decrease in the oxygen transfer rate and the increase of power consumption. 

Another nonheme Mn center is believed [172] to be present in photosynthetic green filamentous bacteria. The locus of the Mn ion in these bacteria is similar to that of the nonheme Fe11 in photosynthetic purple bacteria [173], i.e., between two quinones, along the pathway of electron transfer. Since the Fe center of purple bacteria does not seem to be involved directly in the electron transfer process (i.e., is not redox-active), the redox role of the Mn analog remains in question. This Mn may be redox-active, considering that (1) structural differences between the purple and green bacteria photosynthetic apparatus do exist [173] and (2) the green bacteria display different functionalities, such as C02 fixation, which does not occur via the classical Calvin or reverse Krebs cycle [174],... 

The polyketides (Fig. 2) are a group of structurally diverse metabolites, synthesized primarily by soil microorganisms such as Streptomyces and related filamentous bacteria, but also by fungi and plants. The compounds are of great interest because they comprise a significant fraction not only of the number of microbial metabolites with physiological activity, but of the much smaller num-... 

Over half of the compounds reported for lithistid sponges were isolated from Theonella (family Theonellidae). Theonella species have been reported to contain a wide variety of cyclic and linear peptides and polyketides, as well as 3-alkyl piperidine derivatives nearly identical to those reported from the order Haplosclerida.58 There is also a single report of cyano- and isothiocyano-sesquiter-penes similar to those isolated from Axinellidae (order Halichondrida).42 Bewley et al. performed a cellular localization study on Theonella swinhoei in which several types of microorganisms were separated from the sponge cells. Chemical analysis of the extracts from the separated cells indicated that the bicyclic peptide theopalauamide was found exclusively in filamentous bacteria while the polyketide swinholide A was localized to a mixed population of unicellular bacteria.59... 

This is interesting for fragile objects such as mammalian cells [13], which should not be squeezed between glass surfaces, and for motility experiments as the displacement of the cells is not limited vertically. The largest available magnification, depending upon the ocular-lens combination is about x 1500. This value limits the observation of the smallest cells such as non filamentous bacteria (E. coli) or plankton. 

Many applications dealing with non filamentous bacteria are not so much related to process control than to health and hygiene problems or characteriza-... 

For organisms with more complex morphology, e.g. filamentous bacteria, the interpretation of dielectric signals is difficult [47]. However, in principle the method seems to hold more potential than has been exploited up to now, especially when dielectric spectra are evaluated with advanced mathematical and statistical methods (see also the chapter by A. Shaw and D. Kell in this volume). 

Filamentous bacteria Hydrogen peroxide Dissolved oxygen... 

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