Paper plants

Fiber Slurry Pipelines. Pipelines to carry suspensions of wood, paper, sludge, etc, have found commercial acceptance. Most of them are less than 15 km long but have diameters of up to 500 mm. These slurries are often concentrated and display viscous plastic properties, although particle sizes may vary special pumps are used. One such hydrotransport system carries a cellulose slurry by pipeline from the plant to a paper plant near Heidenau, Germany. The 250-mm dia pipeline carries 60 t/d over the 3-km distance to thickeners. In Sweden, a 3.7-km, 500-mm dia pipeline moves cellulose by... 

NOTE Sampling steam and condensate lines in large process plants such as smelters, pulp and paper plants, steel mills, and the like is potentially dangerous. Site rules must be followed and the use of proper safety equipment employed (safety equipment includes helmet, gloves, goggles, and occasionally a respirator). Under certain operating conditions, confined space permits and tag-out or lock-out rules may be necessary and a minimum of two persons required before work begins. 

Annual production of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) in the United States is about 10 million metric tons, of which 50% is consumed by the chemical industry and a further 20% by pulp and paper plants. Sodium hydroxide is made by electrolyzing strong brine, that is, decomposing it by passing an electric current.1 6 Saturated brine contains about 360 g or 6.2 mol NaCl per kilogram water. 

Paper-plant effluents adsorption on XAD Ames test 44... 

River Godavari, Paper plant Zn 233.41 gg/1 Sudhakar, Jyothi... 

Inco alloy 25-6MO —Used for its corrosion resistance in many environments, this is an austenitic nicket-jron-chromium alloy with a substantial (6%) addition of molybdenum. Especially useful for resisting pitting and crevice corrosion in media containing chlorides or other halides. Applications include equipment for handling sulfuric and phosphoric acids, offshore platforms and other marine equipment, and for bleaching circuits in pulp and paper plants. 

Figure 1.2 prism incandescent light or sunlight sheet of white paper plant grow-light colored pencils or markers l-x-5-ft. sheet of shelf paper. 

Many furnaces designed to burn wood chips at pulp and paper plants are suitable for burning tire-derived-fuel without major modifications. Frequently, only wire-free tdf can be used in these boilers, thus increasing the tire processing costs. An estimated 12 million tires per year are currently being consumed by the pulp and paper industry. 

Scrap tire combustion is practiced in power plants, tire manufacturing plants, cement kilns, pulp and paper plants, and small package steam plants. 

Tire Manufacturing Plants Cement Kilns Pulp and Paper Plants Small Package Steam Generators. 

Tire-Derived Fuel Supply. At present there are probably about a dozen pulp and paper plants burning tdf, with several of them in the states of Washington, Oregon, and Wisconsin. The companies marketing over a million tires per year of tdf to the pulp and paper plants are ... 

It is estimated that the use of tdf in the pulp and paper industry accounted for about 12 million waste tires in 1989 (56). It is estimated that at least 12 million scrap tires were utilized for fuel by pulp and paper plants in 1990. 

As shown above, a pulp and paper plant can often bum tdf economically. The annual cost savings can justify minor modifications to the equipment to handle tdf. 

Applications that can bum whole tires include a few cement kilns, large dedicated tires-for-fuel boilers, and some experimental applications in utility boilers. Applications that can use TDF include most cement kilns, many thermal decomposition units, boilers at pulp and paper plants, utility plants, and other industrial facilities. 

As of the Summer of 1991, at least 10 pulp and paper companies are adding tire-derived-fuel (TDF) to their hog fuel boilers as an alternative supplemental fuel. In addition to boilers at pulp and paper plants, one boiler at a silicon manufacturing facility burns TDF supplementally with their primary fuel of waste wood chips. Information and emissions data from this boiler have been included with this section. Table 5-1 contains a list of pulp and paper mills that have burned TDF commercially, or have tested TDF in the past. 

Tire manufacturing plants Cement kilns Pulp and paper plants Small package steam generators... 

Treated effluents from various Ontario pulp and paper plants using either the bleached kraft (8 mills) or sulfite bleaching process (2 mills) were analyzed for CDDs (Clement et al. 1989). 2,3,7,8-TCDD was not detected in any of the effluent samples with detection limits ranging from 0.07 to 0.7 ppt. A few samples contained a TCDD isomer (not 2,3,7,8-TCDD) at concentrations ranging from 0.06 to 0.12 ppt. PeCDD (0.07 ppt) was detected in one effluent sample, and OCDD (0.05-0.79 ppt) was detected in 4 effluent samples. Suspended particulates were collected from the final effluent from two plants. 2,3,7,8-TCDD and OCDD were detected in the particulates at a concentration range of 200-660 ppt and 180-210 ppt, respectively. The concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD determined in the particulates represents levels in the final effluent of 5-10 ppq, suggesting that 2,3,7,8-TCDD is associated with suspended particulate materials in the effluents (Clement et al. 1989). 

Zenon system achieves zero discharge in pulp and paper plant. Zenon bulletin, http //www.zenon.com/resources/case studies/... 

Afonso MD, Geraldes V, Rosa MJ, and De Pinho MN. Nanofiltration removal of chlorinated organic compounds from alkaline bleaching effluents in a pulp and paper plant. Wat. Res. 1992 26(12) 1639-1643. 

Industrial pollution from sugar refineries, distilleries, starch manufacturing plants, and a paper plant is only moderate. The taste threshold (Baylis method) varies from 2 to 4 and is occasionally higher. 

R. F. Dunn and M. M. El-Halwagi, Optimal Recycle/reuse Policies for Minimizing the Wastes of Pulp and Paper Plants, Journal of Environmental Science Health Part A, A28 (1), 217-234 (1993). 

N. A. Aldokhin, A. I. Goncharov, M. A. Grachev, and A. N. Suturn, Recycling of Wastewater and Solid Waste at the Selenginsk Pulp and Paper Plant. Industry and Environment, 13(3-4) 21-23, 1990. Bishop, Pollution Prevention Fundamentals and Practice, McGraw Hill, New York, 2000. 

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