Paint constituents binders

In the last few years the characterization of the organic constituents of paint media by GC analysis has received increasing attention, due to the fact that organic materials used as binders or varnish are likely to be involved in the degradation process. 

The basic constituents in a self-polishing antifouling paint are 1) the binder system, 2) the biocides and pigments and 3) the solvents. 

Latex applications include adhesives, fibre binders (such as in paper and textiles), coatings (such as in paints, coated papers, coated fabrics, coated flooring, and coated insulation), dipping-produced goods (such as balloons, bladders, gloves, and tubing), solid foam products (such as for cushioned furniture), and as a constituent in building materials (such as mortars and concrete) [791]. 

Binder. A resinous or resin-forming constituent of a paint that binds together the pigment particles and holds them on the surface. 

Paints also contain additives, which are added in small quantities to modify some properties of the pigments and binder constituents. 

Paints and coating materials frequently contain substances that may be a hazard both to human health and to the environment. This applies particularly to organic solvents, to certain reactive binder constituents, to pigments containing heavy metals, and to some additives. Evaluation of the environmental properties of paints must take into consideration their effects on the atmosphere, water, and the soil, the potential danger to the user, the use of low-residue application techniques, and the suitability for use. The primary concern is to minimize adverse effects in all sectors. 

Paint coagulates can also be used as a binder constituent in the production of molded plastics and as a filler replacement in plastics dispersions. If used as a binder for molded plastics, the material must not be cross-linked the coagulate is worked... 

Blushing . (1) Film defect, which appears as a milky opalescence as the film dries can be a temporary or permanent condition. It is generally caused by rapid evaporation, moisture, or incompatibility. Syn fog. (2) Milky opalescence which sometimes develops as a film of lacquer dries, and is due to the deposition of moisture from the air and/or precipitation of one or more of the solid constituents of the lacquer usually confined to lacquers which dry solely by evaporation of solvent. Also applies to printing inks. (3) A white or grayish cast on high gloss paint results from the precipitation of binder solids owing to incompatibility with water, oil, or solvent. 

Latex paint A paint containing a stable aqueous dispersion of synthetic resin, produced by emulsion polymerization, as the principal constituent of the binder. Modifying resins may also be present. Lovell PA, El-Aasser MS (eds) (1997) Emulsion polymerization and emulsion polymers. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Martens CR (1964) Emulsion and water-soluble paints and coatings. Reinhold Pubhshing Co., New York. 

A quick drying of alkyd paints is of enormous commercial importance. Common solvent borne alkyd paints contain small amounts of cobalt based driers (e.g. cobalt ethylhexanoate) besides the main constituents of alkyd resins (binders), pigments and solvents. The cobalt salts increase the oxidative cross-linking rate of the unsaturated fatty acids which are present as constituents of alkyd resins. 

Generally coating compositions consist of quite a few different raw materials. Emulsion polymers as binder as well as pigments and extenders are the most crucial and basic constituents. They usually make up for the major part of a coating. However, they cannot be formulated into a paint that fulfils the required application properties. Additives have to be employed to adjust flow behaviour, ensure a proper dispersing of the pigments, improve film formation, control foam formation, prevent microbiological attack etc. (Bielemann, 2000). 

In order to achieve a VOC-compliant coating, one must consider the molecular weight of the main binder utilized in the coating formulation, as well as the effect of additives on the final paint viscosity. After all, application viscosity, which in turn is affected by the rheology of the coating constituents, is most often controlled by freely adding solvent to achieve the necessary flow and leveling on the part. Addition of the solvent affects the final VOC emission of the paint. 

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