Binder fibres

Latex applications include adhesives, fibre binders (such as in paper and textiles), coatings (such as in paints, coated papers, coated fabrics, coated flooring, and coated insulation), dipping-produced goods (such as balloons, bladders, gloves, and tubing), solid foam products (such as for cushioned furniture), and as a constituent in building materials (such as mortars and concrete) [791]. 

It is striking that the continuous random-mat-based moulding shows essentially the same level of properties as those based on fabrics, even though these random fibres contain some 6-8 %(m/m) of a thermoplastic fibre binder. This implies that there is no reason to use fabric-based preforms in a non-oriented fibre lay-up pattern, since continuous random-based preforms are far easier to make and result in composites with comparable properties. This finding is very important for automotive applications, as it increases the likelihood of an automated process for making preforms being developed. 

This includes wire enamels on a base of polyvinyl formal, polyurethane or epoxy resins as well as moulding powder plastics on phenol-formaldehyde and similar binders, with cellulose fillers, laminated plastics on paper and cotton cloth base, triacetate cellulose films, films and fibres of polyethylene terephthalate. 

Small quantities of higher molecular weight resin in powder form are also manufactured. They are used in solution or emulsion form as binders for glass-fibre preforms and also for the manufacture of preimpregnated cloths. 

Preforms. Preformed shapes may be made by depositing glass fibres on to a preform mould. The fibres are then held together by spraying them with a binder. 

Chopped Strand Mat This consists of strands of long chopped fibres deposited randomly in the form of a mat. The strands are held together by a resinous binder. 

Manufactured aramid fibres are usually treated by a binder such as oils and surfactants to protect the fibre surface and improve the ability to handle. In order to remove the binder the knitted fabric is immersed in... 

Emulsion thickeners can be mixed with low concentrations of either natural or synthetic thickeners, especially when applying fibre-substantive dyes rather than pigments these additions act as film formers, taking the place of the binder used with pigments to increase retention of the dye by the substrate prior to fixation. 

The production of moisture resistant particleboard by treatment with a maleic anhydride -glycerol mixture and using phenol formaldehyde as the matrix material has been investigated (Fujimoto etal., 1987). Boards prepared from modified wood showed considerable improvements in modulus of elasticity and internal bond strength when compared to control boards. Composites made from aspen fibres modified with SA, MA or acetic anhydride using phenol-formaldehyde (PF) or polypropylene as binder have also been studied (Clemons etal., 1992 Rowell etal., 1993b). The reaction of wood with MA was found to proceed at a slower rate than with SA. The volume increase due to modification... 

Mats chopped fibres (50 mm) are held together with a binder to form a sheet. 

Mats chopped fibres (50 mm) are held together with a binder to form a sheet. Continuous filament mats sheets of felt of continuous filaments with a binder. Stratipregs or prepregs rovings impregnated with a resin. 

Sheet gasket Long fibre material with synthetic rubber binder suitable for service conditions, or spiral wound stainless steel and equal gasket material... 

Industrial separation membranes and ion-exchange resins can be made from chitin, especially for water purification. Chitin is also used industrially as an additive to thicken and stabilize foods and pharmaceuticals. Since it can be shaped into fibres, the textile industry has used chitin, especially for socks, as it is claimed that chitin fabrics are naturally antibacterial and antiodour (www.solstitch.net). Chitin also acts as a binder in dyes, fabrics and adhesives. Some processes to size and strengthen paper employ chitin. 

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