Pacifastacus leniusculus

Although many phenoloxidases are described in arthropods, oiffy very few are proven to be tyrosinases such as those from Pacifastacus leniusculus, Astacus leptodactylus, andP. elephas ... 

Ucapu-PDH Uca pugilator, Callinectes saptdus, Cancer magister, Carcinus maenas, Pacifastacus leniusculus nselinsilglpkvmnda-nh2 [31]... 

For two freshwater species, the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus) and the snail Juga silicula) whole-body concentration ratios of 1.6 and 41, respectively, were obtained when 9.imTc04 was used as a tracer. Tissue distribution data showed that 79-100 % of the crayfish body burden was in the exoskeleton and digestive gland, whereas the soft tissues of the snails contained 82-96 % of the whole-body activity [70]. 

Peroxinectin, a cell adhesion protein (Mr 76 kDa) isolated from the blood cells of the fish Pacifastacus leniusculus. Peroxinectin seems to be the first cell adhesion protein in the blood of invertebrates. It shows also peroxidase activity because of a high degree of sequence similarity to myeloperoxidase [M. W. Johansson et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1995, 216, 1079 K. Sritunyalucksanaetal., Dev. Comp. Immunol. 2001, 25, 353]. 

Paralleling the findings for crabs, Stebbing et al. (2003) demonstrated that sexually mature female crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus, released a pheromone that stimulated mating behavior in males. If water conditioned by mature females was passed through an air-stone into containers holding males, these males commonly seized, mounted, and in a few cases deposited spermatophores onto the air-stones. Such behaviors did not occur if the air-stones carried water conditioned by immature females or control water that had not held crayfish (see also Chap. 13). 

Stebbing PD, Bentley MG, Watson GJ (2003) Mating behaviour and evidence for a female released courtship pheromone in the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. J Chem Ecol 29 465-475... 

Fig. 6.2 Bimodal sensilla. (a) Hedgehog sensilla from the walking leg of Homarus gammarus. Scale bar 100 gm. (b) Antennules of Pacifastacus leniusculus with both unimodal chemosensory aesthetascs (arrows) and slender bimodal chemo- and mechanosensory sensilla (arrowheads ). Scale bar 50 pm. (c) Transverse section through the dendritic outer segments (dos) of a bimodal sensillum from the antennule of Lophogaster typicus. There are three gustatory cells (gu) and one mechanosensory cell (me). The latter has a dense array of microtubules. Scale bar 500 nm...

Fig. 6.3 Decapod antennules and sensilla. (a) Antennule of the crab Carcinus maenas. The aesthetascs (arrow) form a dense array on the lateral filament. Scale bar 500 pm. (b) Part of antennule of the European lobster Homarus gammarus. Unimodal aesthetascs (ae) are surrounded by bimodal guard hairs (arrows) and companion hairs (arrowheads). Scale bar 500 pm. (c) The aesthetascs on the antennule of H. gammarus are arranged in two rows (black arrows) on each annulus. The sockets of the guard and companion hairs surround the aesthetascs (white arrows). Scale bar 200 pm. (d) Part of antennule of the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. There is one distal group (dg) and one proximal group (pg) of aesthetascs on each annulus. Scale bar 100 pm...

Berry FC, Breithaupt T (2008) Development of behavioural and physiological assays to assess discrimination of male and female odours in crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. Behaviour 145 1427-1446... 

How crustaceans respond to chemical cues of elevated predation risk can be influenced by a variety of factors (see Fig. 18.2). Animals are always detecting multiple stimuli in a number of sensory modalities and those inputs can clearly alter responses to chemical danger cues. When the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus was exposed to both visual and chemical cues associated with predation risk, the reduction in locomotion and increase in shelter use was greater than when either stimulus was presented alone (Blake and Hart 1993). Detection of multiple cues related to increased predation risk clearly can be an indication of greater probability of predatory activity. 

Blake MA, Hart PJB (1993) The behavioural responses of juvenile signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus to stimuli from perch and eels. Freshwater Biol 29 89-97... 

JIRAVANICHPAISAL p, LEE SY, KIM YA, andREN T, soDERHALL I (2007) Antibacterial peptides in hemocytes and hematopoietic tissue from freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus characterization and expression pattern, Dev Comp Immunol, 31, 441-455. 

Characterization of two crustin antimicrobial peptides from the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus, J Invertebr Pathol, 104,234-8. 

JIRAVANICHPAISAL p, Roos s, EDSMAN L, ou H and SODERHALL K (2009), A highly virulent pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila, from the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus, J Invertebr Pathol, 101,56-6. 

LEE s Y and SODERHALL K (2001), Characterization of a pattern recognition protein, a masqnerade-like protein, in the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus , J Immunol, 166,7319-26. 

LEE s Y, WANG R and sOderhAll k (2000), A lipopolysaccharide- and beta-l,3-glncan-binding protein from hemocytes of the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus - pnrification, characterization, and cDNA cloning , J Biol Chem, 275, 1337-43. 

LIN X, SODERHALL K and SODERHALL I (2008), Transglutaminase activity in the hematopoietic tissue of a crustacean, Pacifastacus leniusculus, importance in hemocyte... 

LIU H, JIRAVANICHPAISAL P, CERENIUS L, LEE B L, SODERHALL I and SODERHALL K (2007), Phenoloxidase is an important component of the defense against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in a crustacean, Pacifastacus leniusculus, J Biol Chem, 282, 33593-8. 

SOderhAll i, wu c, novotny m, lee b l and sOderhAll k (2009), A novel protein acts as a negative regulator of prophenoloxidase activation and melanization in the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus , J Biol Chem, 284, 6301-10. 

ZHANG Y, sOderhAll I, sOderhAll k and JIRAVANICHPAISAL p (2010), Expression of immune-related genes in one phase of embryonic development of freshwater crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus . Fish Shellfish Immunol, 28, 649-53. 

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