P-actin promoter

Two subsequent studies by Kauret al. (1992) and McLain et al. (1992) used the same p-actin promoter to drive misexpression of the Hox-2.2... 

P-Actin promoter amplification P-Actin nested primers for second-round amplification in QM-MSP=... 

Promoters from cytomegalovirus (CMV) or simian virus 40 (SV40) have been widely used because they are known to be strong promoters (Qin et al., 1997). When we evaluated mouse interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expres-sion plasmids, pCMV-mIL-4 and pCMV-mIL-10, respectively, we found a high expression level of IL-4 or IL-10 in vitro and in vivo Koh et al. (2001). However, CMV promoter appears to show a decrease in activity when administered in vivo. The duration of gene expression by CMV promoter is short compared with cellular promoters such as j3-actin promoter. Also, CMV promoter shows lower activity than chicken P-actin promoter in the liver (Xu et al., 2001). 

Xu, L., Daly, T., Gao, C., Flotte, T. R., Song, S., Byrne, B. J., Sands, M. S. and Parker, P. K. (2001). CMV-beta-actin promoter directs higher expression from an adeno-associated viral vector in the liver than the cytomegalovirus or elongation factor 1 alpha promoter and results in therapeutic levels of human factor X in mice. Hum. Gene Ther. 12, 563-573. 

Egile C, Ixhsel TP, Laurent V, Li R, Pantaloni D, Sansonetti P J, Carlier MF Activation of the CDC42 effector N-WASP by the Shigella flexneri IcsA protein promotes actin nucleation by Arp2/3 complex and bacterial actin-based motility. J Cell Biol 1999 146 1319-1332. 

Janmey, P.A., K. Iida, H.L. Yin, and T.P. Stossel. 1987. Polyphosphoinositide micelles and polyphosphoinositide-containing vesicles dissociate endogenous gelsolin-actin complexes and promote actin assembly from the fast-growing end of actin filaments blocked by gelsolin. J Biol Chem. 262 12228-36. 

Hijazi MM, Thompson EW, Tang C, Coopman P, Torri JA, et al. 2000. Heregulin regulates the actin cytoskeleton and promotes invasive properties in breast cancer cell lines. Int J... 

Lappalainen, P., Drubin, D. G. (1997). Cofilin promotes rapid actin filament turnover in vivo. Nature 388, 78-82. 

BertlingE, Hotulainen P, A ttila PK et al. Cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAPl) promotes cofilin-induced actin dynamics in mammalian nonmusclc cells. Mol Biol Cell 2004 15(5) 2324-2334. 

On the side adjacent to the endothelium the cytoplasm contains a dense meshwork of fine filaments, whereas on the outer surface numerous pi-nocytotic vesicles are observed (Weibel 1974). Pulmonary pericytes influenced the actin distribution of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (Shepro and Morel 1993). Pericytes enhanced the formation of a distinct dense peripheral band at microvascular endothelial cell periphery and promoted close apposition of adjacent endothelial cells. Transforming growth factor-P appears to mediate this pericyte-endothehal interaction. The role played by TGF-P is supported by the finding that this agonist modulates extracellular matrix organisation and the formation of tubelike structures with apparent tight junctions in three-dimensional cultures of rat epididymal fat pad microvascular en-dothehal cells (Merwin et al. 1990). 

Boudeau J, Miranda-Saavedra D, Barton GJ et al (2006) Emerging roles of pseudokinases. Trends Cell Biol 16 443-452 Brakebusch C, Fassler R (2003) The integrin-actin connection, an eternal love affair. EMBO J 22 2324-2333 Braun A, Bordoy R, Stanchi F et al (2003) PINCH2 is a new five LIM domain protein, homologous to PINCH and localized to focal adhesions. Exp Cell Res 284 239-250 Brodt P, Fallavollita L, Bresalier RS et al (1997) Liver endothelial E-selectin mediates carcinoma cell adhesion and promotes liver metastasis. Int J Cancer 71 612-619 Brooks PC, Stromblad S, Sanders LC et al (1996) Localization of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 to the surface of invasive cells by interaction with integrin alpha v beta 3. Cell 85 683-693... 

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